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Clinical Neuroscience > Topography Of Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Topography Of Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Basic components of central nervous system

A

Cerebral hemispheres
Brainstem + cerebellum
Spinal cord

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2
Q

What is grey matter composed of?

A

Cell bodies
Dendrites
Highly vascular
(Some axons)

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3
Q

What is white matter composed of?

A

Axons
+ supporting cells

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4
Q

Why is white matter white?

A

Presence of fatty myelin

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5
Q

Define nucleus in terms of CNS

A

A collection of functionally related cell bodies
Grey matter

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6
Q

Define cortex in terms of CNS

A

Folded sheet of cell bodies found on surface of brain structure
Grey matter

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7
Q

Describe fibre in terms of CNS

A

A term relating to an axon in association with its supporting cells e.g. oligodendrocytes
White matter

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8
Q

Types of fibres in the CNS
What do they connect?

A
  • Association fibres: cortical regions with same hemisphere
  • Commissural fibres: left and right hemispheres
  • Projection fibres: cerebral hemispheres with brainstem
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9
Q

What are grey and white matter termed in the peripheral nervous system

A

grey - ganglion
white - nerve

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10
Q

How many segments is the spinal cord made up of?

A

~31

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11
Q

Describe the composition of matter in the spinal cord

A

Central grey matter
Outer shell of white matter

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12
Q

What do association fibres connect?

A

Cortical regions within same hemisphere

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13
Q

What do commissural fibres connect?

A

Left and right hemispheres

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14
Q

What do projection fibres connect?

A

Cerebral hemispheres with brainstem

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15
Q

What do these suggest?
- sensory deficit in dermatomal pattern
- sensory deficit across multiple segments
- sensory deficiency in homuncular pattern

A
  • dermatomal pattern: lesion at level of doral root or spinal nerve
  • multiple segments: cord lesion
  • homuncular pattern: lesion above thalamus
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16
Q

What does a sensory deficit in dermatomal patter suggest?

A

Lesion at level of dorsal roots or spinal nerves

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17
Q

What does a sensory deficiency across multiple segments suggest?

A

Cord lesion

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18
Q

What does a sensory deficit in a homuncular pattern suggest?

A

Lesion above thalamus

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19
Q

Define funiculus

A
  • A segment of white matter containing multiple distinct tracts
  • Impulses travel in multiple directions
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20
Q

Define tract

A
  • Anatomically + functionally defined white matter pathway connecting two distinct regions of grey matter
  • Impulses travel in one direction
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21
Q

Define fasciculus

A

A subdivision of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body

22
Q

Location of dorsal and ventral roots of spinal cord
Is it sensory or motor?

A

dorsal - back | sensory
ventral - front |motor

23
Q

What is the midbrain responsible for?

A

Eye movements
Reflex responses to sound + vision

24
Q

What is the pons responsible for?

A

Feeding
Sleep

25
Q

What is the medulla responsible for?

A

CVS + resp centres
Major motor pathway

26
Q

Subdivisions of white matter

A

Funiculus
Tracts
Fasciculus

27
Q

Types of tracts in white matter

A

ascending: sensory
descending: motor

28
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

29
Q

What does the pre central gyrus contain?

A

Primary motor cortex

30
Q

What does the post central gyrus contain?

A

Primary sensory cortex

31
Q

What does the lateral fissure separate?

A

Temporal lobe from the frontal + parietal lobes

32
Q

What does the parieto-occipital sulus separate?

A

Parietal from occipital lobe

33
Q

What are the medullary pyramids the location of?

A

Descending motors fibres

34
Q

Role of the parahippocampal gyrus

A

Key cortical region for memory encoding

35
Q

Function of corpus callosum

A

Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

36
Q

What is the cingulate gyrus?

A

Cortical area important for emotion + memory

37
Q

What are the fornix of the brain?

A

Major output pathway from hippocampus

38
Q

What is the tectum?

A

Dorsal part of midbrain involved in involuntary responses to auditory + visual stimuli

39
Q

What are the brain ventricles?

A

Hollow cavities in the brain containing CSF

40
Q

What produces cerebral spinal fluid?

A

Choroid plexus in the brain ventricles

41
Q

Where is most CSF made?

A

Lateral ventricles

42
Q

Describe the flow of CSF

A
  • made by choroid plexus
  • from lateral ventricles, CSF circulates through interventricular foramen into 3rd ventricle
  • 3rd ventricle into 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct
  • drains via lateral + median apertures into subarachnoid space
  • reabsorbed at arachnoid granulation in superior Sagittal sinus
43
Q

What will a blockage in the ventricular system cause?

A

Upstream dilatation + possible damage to surrounding structures

44
Q

What is the most common site of blockages in the ventricular system?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

45
Q

Identify three different regions of grey matter

A

Dorsal horn
Lateral horn
Ventral horn

46
Q

What types of functions does CSF have?

A

Metabolic
Mechanical

47
Q

Why does grey matter contain axons?

A

To make connections with white matter

48
Q

What is the limbic system circuit?

A
  • hippocampus + amygdala connect to fornix in midline
  • output to mammillary bodies
  • projects to thalamus (memory) + hypothalamus (stress)
49
Q

Why can damage to the fornix cause damage to memory consolidation?

A

Output of hippocampus to mammillary bodies

50
Q

Function of the midbrain colliculus

A

Involved in processing optical stimuli, orienting attention, coordinating eye + head movements

Clinical Neuroscience (20 decks)

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