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Neuroscience Unit 3 > Touch, Pain, Smell, Taste > Flashcards

Touch, Pain, Smell, Taste Flashcards

1
Q

Glabrous skin is located on the:

A

palms, soles, lips

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2
Q

Encapsulate mechanoreceptors include _____ and _____ ______

A

Meissner’s, Pacinian corpuscles

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3
Q

Nonencapsulated mechanoreceptors include _____ ____ and _____ _____

A

Merkel’s disks and Ruffini’s endings

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4
Q

A ____ ____ _____ test for tactile agnosia helps identify sensitivity levels in various extremeties

A

two point discrimination

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5
Q

Mechanoreceptors have ____ ____ ____ which means they have no specialized structure and are just unmyelinated nerve endings of sensory neurons

A

free nerve endings

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6
Q

The _____ mechanoreceptors (meissner’s and pacinian) rate of adaption is ____

A

encapsulated, rapid

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7
Q

______ _____ and _____ ____ have small receptor field sizes and sense ______

A

meissner’s corpuscles, merkle’s disks, pressure

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8
Q

Pacinian corpuscles are _____ and sense _____

A

large, vibration

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9
Q

Ruffini’s endings are _____ and sense ______

A

large, stretch

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10
Q

_____-_____ sensory axons are the largest and fastest and receive feedback from ______

A

alpha-alpha, muscles

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11
Q

_____-_____ are the second largest and fastest and receive info from _________

A

alpha-beta, mechanoreceptors

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12
Q

_____-_____ are fast pain and temperature axons

A

alpha-delta

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13
Q

_ ____ are dull pain and temperature axons

A

C fibers

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14
Q

_______ are areas of the skin served by the dorsal root of ____ spinal nerve

A

dermatomes, one

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15
Q

____ is a virus that affects a single dorsal root and produces skin eruptions that follow one half of a dermatome band

A

shingles

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16
Q

The ____-_____ Law states that ____ root celll bodies are in the ____ root ganglion outside of the spinal cord and the ____ root cell bodies are in the ____ part of the spinal cord

A

Bell Magendie, dorsal, dorsal, ventral, ventral

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17
Q

Ventral root cells are _____ in nature and stimulation of these nerves cause ____ ______

A

motor, muscle contraction

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18
Q

Signals from mechanoreceptors travel skin along __ axons to ___ ___ of the spinal cord via ______

A

alpha beta, dorsal roots, dermatomes

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19
Q

From the spinal cord, axons travel along the ____ ____-____ ____ pathway to the _____ ____ of the _____

A

dorsal column- medial lemniscal, dorsal column nuclei, medulla

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20
Q

Axons from the dorsal column nuclei cross the _____ to the ______ _____ ______ nucleus of the thalamus, then project to the _______ _______ ______

A

midline, contralateral ventral posterior, primary somatosensory cortex

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21
Q

Touch information from the _____ travels to the VP nucleus via the cranial nerves

A

head

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22
Q

Somatosensory infomaion is processed by the _____ ____ and _________ nuclei of the _______

A

ventral posterior, intralaminar, thalamus

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23
Q

The _____ ______ maps relative representation of bod parts in the somatosensory cortex

A

sensory homunculus

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24
Q

What two body parts are particularly overrepresented in the somatosensory cortex?

A

face, hands

25
Q

The purpose of ____ is to relay info about tissue injury

A

pain

26
Q

Pain receptors are called ______

A

nociceptors

27
Q

Quick, sharp pain is related to _____ _____ pain fibers

A

myelinated alpha-delta

28
Q

Dull, aching pain is associated with _____ ____ fibers

A

unmyelinated C

29
Q

Pain follows a pathway to the spinal cord to the ________ pathway and synapses in the ______

A

spinothalamic, thalamus

30
Q

Pain fibers release neurochemicals called _____ and _____ ___

A

glutamate, substance P

31
Q

The pain pathway is most associated with the _______ _____ or _________ nuclei of the thalamus

A

ventral posterior, intralaminar

32
Q

The emotional experience of pain is related to what part of the brain?

A

anterior cingulate cortex

33
Q

From the thalamus, pain fibers communicate with the _________ _______

A

somatosensory cortex

34
Q

The ______ ______ of pain explains the effect of context on pain perception

A

gate theory

35
Q

_____ pain when C fibers excite 2nd order and inhibit inhibitory neuron, a _____ pain signal is sent to the thalamus

A

unmodulated, strong

36
Q

Simulataneous activation of AB fibers (or _______) excites the inhibitory neuron and a _____ pain signal is sent to the thalamus

A

mechanoceptors, weak

37
Q

_______ pain pathways cause reduction of pain

A

descending

38
Q

The forebrain projects to the ______ ______ which then projects to the ____ _____ of the medulla and the the ____ _____ of the spinal cord

A

periaqueductal gray, raphe nuclei, dorsal horns

39
Q

Endogenous _____ and exogenous ______ (morphine_ act of receptors in the PAG, _______ pain

A

opiods, opiods, reducing

40
Q

_____ is the sense that detects airborne molecules

A

olfaction

41
Q

Olfactory receptors are _____ and line the olfactory ______ in the dorsal _____ _______

A

bipolar, epithelium, nasal cavity

42
Q

Olfactory neurons form the ______ _____

A

olfactory nerve

43
Q

Signals to the olfactory bulb are sorted by _______

A

glomeruli

44
Q

_________ sends action potentials to the olfactory builb via the _____ ______

A

depolarization, olfactory nerve

45
Q

Olfactory builb axons form _____ ____ which project to the _____ ______

A

olfactory tracts, olfactory cortex

46
Q

T/F: Olfactory nerve projects to the thalamus

A

false

47
Q

Olfactory cortex connects to the _______ ______ nucleus of the thalamus, which projects to the _____ and _______ cortex

A

medial dorsal, insula, orbitofrontal

48
Q

Olfactory signals are interpreted as odor identification, ______, emotion and _____

A

motivation, memory

49
Q

Why have a sense of taste?

A

Protects from poisonous/spoiled foods, attraction to food for survival

50
Q

What are the 5 major taste classes?

A

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

51
Q

_____ contain taste buds

A

papilla

52
Q

Taste buds have ___ to ___ receptor cells

A

50-150

53
Q

Microvilli project in ____

A

saliva

54
Q

Taste fibers form parts of cranial nerves ___, ___, and ___

A

VII, IX, X

55
Q

The cranial nerves associated with gustation synapse with the ______ nucleus of the _____

A

gustatory, medulla

56
Q

Axons from the gustatory nucleaus synaps withe ____ ____ _____ nucleus of the thalamus

A

ventral posterior medial

57
Q

The VPM projects to the _____ _____ _____ in the parietal lobe

A

primary gustatory cortex

58
Q

The VPM also projects to the _____ for identification of primary taste qualities

A

insula

59
Q

Flavor perceptions are produced by projections to the orbitofrontal cortex in the frontal lobe by ____, _____ and _____

A

vision, olfaction, gustation

Neuroscience Unit 3 (4 decks)

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