Toxoplasma

Question 1

what type of lifecycle does toxoplasma have

Answer 1

falcultative direct/indirect

Question 2

how does toxoplasma infection spread

Answer 2

ingestion of tissue cysts
ingestion of sporulated ocysts
for ALL HOSTS!!!

Question 3

how many sporocysts and sporozoites does toxoplasma have?

Answer 3

2 sporocytes w 4 sporozoites

Question 4

what is the only host where sexual multiplication occurs for toxoplasma?

Answer 4

CATS!

Question 5

where does sexual replication occur in toxoplasma

Answer 5

small intestine

Question 6

how does toxoplasma replicate in other hosts

Answer 6

asexual replication in CNS and edible tissues

Question 7

intestinal phase

Answer 7

behaves like other coccidia (sexual and asexual replication)
oocysts in stool
diarrhea, soft stool, no specific clinical signs

Question 8

tissue phase

Answer 8

asexual replication
respiratory disease: sneezing**, light cough
lymphadenopathy: tachyzoites in lymph nodes

Question 9

how clinical disease presents in dogs toxoplasma

Answer 9

neurologic disease, lymphadenopathy, respiratory complaint

Question 10

Are Ewes at risk with first exposure toxoplasma while pregnant

Answer 10

YES

Question 11

t/f ewes are protected from abortion in subsequent pregnancies if had prior toxoplasma infection

Answer 11

true

Question 12

do goats abort from toxoplasma over multiple pregnancies

Answer 12

YES

Question 13

t/f toxoplasma is unequiovally zoonotic

Answer 13

true

Question 14

how are people and other IH infected with toxoplasma

Answer 14

most tissue stages, but also oocysts

Question 15

how can toxoplasma affect fetus?

Answer 15

congenital birth defects or abortion when mother acquires primary infection during pregnancy

Question 16

t/f toxoplasma will not come out of latency for HIV and other immunocompromised

Answer 16

false, WILL come out of latency
cause of mortality

Question 17

congenital toxoplasma

Answer 17

90% infected babies appear normal at birth
55-85% develop problems months-years later
-eye infections that may affect eyesight
-hearing loss and learning disabilities

Question 18

1st trimester toxoplasma effects

Answer 18

abortion or serious congenital birth defects

Question 19

2nd/3rd trimester toxoplasma effects

Answer 19

mild retardation, blindness, etc

Question 20

how to diagnose toxoplasma

Answer 20

fecal exam to find oocysts
serologic testing (ELISA)
PCR

Question 21

can toxoplasma cause changes in people? what kinds?

Answer 21

yes
behavioral, personality, psychological

Question 22

t/f there is increased risk of toxoplasma with cat ownership

Answer 22

FALSE!!
treatment should not be based on this

Question 23

pregnant woman recommendations

Answer 23

women tested prior to becoming pregnant, and yearly
eat all meat well cooked
wash all fruits and vegetables
avoid gardening/soil activities
rigorous handwashing and food hygiene

Question 24

recommendations cat related

Answer 24

household cats should be tested
cat litterboxes need to dumped daily

Question 25

what is the treatment goal to resolve clinical disease toxoplasma

Answer 25

stop development and make toxoplasma go to bradyzoite stage

Question 26

t/f there is a curative therapy for toxoplasma

Answer 26

FALSE

Question 27

apicoplast

Answer 27

important for fatty acid metabolism
drug target!!

Question 28

does clinical disease typically occur in DH or IH?

Answer 28

IH