Transcription and Translation: Flashcards
What is transcription?
The process of copying one strand of DNA into a complementary RNA sequence by the enzyme RNA polymerase
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
Where does translation occur?
In the cell cytoplasm
If mRNA is made in the nucleus, how does it get to the ribosomes for translation?
The mRNA is transported to the cytoplasm
What is the production of RNA from DNA important for?
Gene expression
What is the initial production of gene expression?
RNA
List examples of functional RNA:
- tRNA (transfer)
- rRNA (ribosomal)
- snRNA (small nuclear RNA)
What is functional RNA?
An RNA molecule that is not translated into protein but has a biological role
What is the role of mRNA in translation?
To act as a template for protein translation
What are the three different RNA polymerases which transcribe different types of genes?
- RNA pol I
- RNA pol II
- RNA pol III
What genes are transcribed by RNA pol I?
rRNA genes
What genes are transcribed by RNA pol II?
- mRNA genes
- miRNA genes
- snRNA genes
What genes are transcribed by RNA pol III?
- tRNA genes
- 5S rRNA genes
What are the three steps that transcription can be divided into?
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
What is produced at the same time as the mRNA being processed?
RNA nascent chain is being produced
