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A-level Chemistry > Transition Metal > Flashcards

Transition Metal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general properties of transition metal?

A

-formed coloured ions
-often have catalytic activity
-exhibit variable oxidation numbers in their compounds

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2
Q

What are ligands?

A

An atom, ion or molecule which can donate an electron pair.

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3
Q

What is a complex?

A

Is a central metal ion surrounded by ligands

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4
Q

What is the co-ordination number?

A

The number of co-ordinate bonds formed to a central metal ion

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5
Q

What is co-ordinate bonding?

A

When the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the bonding atoms

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6
Q

Where is coordinate bonding used?

A

In complex formation

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7
Q

What are unidentate ligands?

A

only form one coordinate bond per ligand

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8
Q

What are bindate ligands?

A

Two coordinate bonds and formed per ligand

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9
Q

What is a multidentate ligand?

A

Six co-ordinate bonds are formed per ligand

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10
Q

What is the equations for the the copper 2+ precipitate reaction?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH-(aq) -> Cu(OH)2(H2O)4
+ 2H2O
Forms copper (II) hydroxide

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11
Q

What is the colour change with copper (II) reacting with a hydroxide?

A

Pale blue solute-> blue solid

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12
Q

What is the equation for the precipitate equation of CO 2+ ?

A

[Co(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- -> [Co(OH)2(H2O)4] (s)
+2H2O

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13
Q

Describe the colour change of the precipitate reaction of Co2+ ions?

A

Pale pink solution to dark blue solid

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14
Q

Describe the precipitate reaction of Fe2+ ions?

A

[(Fe(H2O)6]2+ 2OH- -> [(Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] (s)
+ 2H2O

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15
Q

Describe the colour change of the precipitate reaction of Fe2+?

A

Pale green -> dark green ppt

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16
Q

What’s the equation for the precipitate reaction of Fe3+? Ions

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- -> Fe(OH)3 (H2O)3
+ 3H2O

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17
Q

What is the colour change that happens in the precipitate reaction of Fe3+ ions?

A

Pale yellow -> orange/ brown ppt

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18
Q

What are transition metals reacted with during precipitation reactions?

A

OH-

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19
Q

Name two bidentate ligands?

A

Ethanedioate- 2 carbons single bonded to each other, then 2 oxygen bonded to C by double bonds, 2 oxygen bonded to C with single bonds= C2O42-

Ethane-1,2- diamine- NH2CH2CH2NH2

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20
Q

How many bonds are formed in the [Fe(C2O4)3]2- complex?

A

3

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21
Q

What is the shape of the [Fe(C2O4)3]2-?

A

Tetrahedral= 90 degrees

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22
Q

What is the coordination number of the [Fe(C2O4)3]3- complex?

A

6

23
Q

How is the bond formed in the [Fe(C2O4)3]3- ligand?

A

By the O-

24
Q

What is a complex formed by NH2CH2CH2NH2?

A

[Ni(en)3]2+

25
Q

What is the shape of [Ni(en)3]2+?

A

Octahedral

Angle= 90 degrees

26
Q

What is the coordination number of [Ni(en)3]2+?

A

6

27
Q

How is en bonded to Ni?

A

By N in NH2 bonding to the central metal ion

28
Q

Name and draw a multidentate ligand?

A

(EDTA) 4-

-refer to a drawing

29
Q

Name and draw a complex formed by EDTA?

A

[Cu(EDTA)]2-

Refer to image online

30
Q

What is the coordination number of [Cu(EDTA)]2-?

A

6

31
Q

What is the shape and bond angle in [Cu(EDTA)]2-?

A

Octahedral

90 degrees

32
Q

Name 3 monodentate ligands?

A

Water, ammonia and chloride

33
Q

Name a complex formed from the monodentate ligand water ?

A

[Co(H2O)6] 2+

34
Q

Name a complex formed from the monodentate ligand ammonia?

A

[Ni(NH3)3] 2+

35
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of [Co(H2O)6]2+ and [Ni(NH3)3]2+

A

Octahedral

90 degrees

36
Q

What is the coordination number of the complex’s and [Ni(NH3)3]2+?

A

6

37
Q

What is the coordination number of the complex [Co(H2O)6]2+?

A

6

38
Q

Name a complex formed by the monodentate ligand chloride?

A

[CuCl4]2-

39
Q

What is the coordination number of the complex [CuCl4]2- ?

A

4

40
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of [CuCl4]?

A

Tetrahedral

109.5 degrees

41
Q

Name and draw 2 complexes which has cis and trans isomerism?

A

[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]- and [CrCl2 (NH3)4]

Refer to images for cis and trans versions

42
Q

Draw Cis Platin?

A

Refer to image

43
Q

What is the shape and angle of cis platin?

A

-Square planar

-bond angle= 90 degrees

44
Q

How does Cis platin work as a life saving isomer?

A

-binds to DNA of fast cancer cells
-this alters there DNA and prevents them from reproducing
-killing cancer cells

45
Q

What’s a side effect of using CIS platin to treat cancer cells and how’s it caused ?

A

Can cause hair loss

By CIS platin attacking diving cells

46
Q

Name 2 complex which has optical isomerism, and draw how you would show this in an exam?

A

[Ni(en)3] 2+

[Fe(C2O4)3]2-

Refer to online examples for mirror images

47
Q

Write and explain the equation for NH3 acting as base with transition metals? E.g:[Cu(H2O)6]2+

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ <=> [Cu(H2O)5OH]+ + H+

Overall product= [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2]

Lone pair on NH3 then bind to the H+

48
Q

Write out the equation for NH3 acting as a ligand with transition metals? E.g [Cu(H2O)6]2+ ?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4NH3 <=> [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4] 2+
+4H2O

49
Q

What is the colour of the complex [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4] 2+ formed from ligand substitution?

A

Deep blue solution

50
Q

When does NH3 act as a ligand?

A

When in excess

51
Q

Write the equation of ligand substitution with Cu2+ and Cl-?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- <=> [CuCl4]2- + 6H2O

52
Q

Describe the colour change of ligand substitution with Cu2+ and Cl-?

A

Blue to yellow

53
Q

Write the equation for the ligand substitution between Co2+ and Cl-?

A

[Co(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl- <=> [CoCl4]2- + 6H2O

54
Q

Describe the colour change that occurs during the the ligand substitution between Co2+ and Cl-?

A

Pink to blue

A-level Chemistry (15 decks)

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