Translation

Question 1

translation

Answer 1

RNA to protein

Question 2

codon

Answer 2

A group of of three nucleotides in RNA

Question 3

tRNA

Answer 3

adaptor molecules that bind to a codon with one part and bind to amino acid with the other part

Question 4

anticodon

Answer 4

complementary nucleotides that bind to the codons of the RNA molecule

Question 5

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Answer 5

enzyme that makes sure the amino acid is linked to the correct tRNA molecules.

Question 6

how many synthetases are there?

Answer 6

20; one for each possible amino acid

Question 7

redundancy

Answer 7

one amino acid can have multiple codons match to it

Question 8

what shape is tRNA?

Answer 8

a double helix then folds into an L shape.

Question 9

how does amino acid link to tRNA

Answer 9

the top of tRNA has a single strand with a 3’ end. Covalent link is made

Question 10

what does ATP do?

Answer 10

it links amino acid to tRNA and it grows the polypeptide chain

Question 11

ribosomes

Answer 11

latches onto mRNA and positions the right tRNA and links amino acid.
MVP
Where all the magic happens

Question 12

small subunit

Answer 12

matches tRNA to codons of mRNA

Question 13

large subunit

Answer 13

catalyzes the making of peptide bonds that link all the amino acids into one polypeptide chain (through movement?)

Question 14

initiation

Answer 14

1. small subunit has Methionine in the P-site and translation initiation factors
2. it attaches to the mRNA cap (G) and complex reads AUG
3. initiation factors leave and large sub-unit comes in

Question 15

AUG

Answer 15

the start codon for tRNA and ribosome complex

Question 16

elongation

Answer 16

1. tRNA binds to the A-site
2. chain from p site joins the amino acid in the A site
3. large subunit shifts and moves the tRNA with the amino acid chain to the p-site
4. small subunit moves to catch up (3 nucleotides)
5. used tRNA leaves

Question 17

EPA!

Answer 17

EPA! (sites in ribosome)

Question 18

termination

Answer 18

• the ribosome reads the stop codons
• release factor protein binds to the stop codon in the A-site (where tRNA would be)
• amino acid chain, mRNA and ribosomal units are released!

Question 19

ribozyme

Answer 19

bc it has catalytic activity

RNA not protein is the catalyst

Question 20

ribosome makeup

Answer 20

research it!