Transport in and out of cells (Yr 9) Flashcards
what is diffusion?
the NET movement of particles (DOWN the concentration gradient) from and area of highER particle concentration to an area of lowER particle concentration
what is osmosis?
the movement of WATER MOLECULES (DOWN the concentration gradient) from an area of highER water potential to an area of lowER water potential across a PARTIALLY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
what is active transport?
the movement of particles (AGAINST the concentration gradient) from an area of lowER particle concentration to an area of highER particle concentration
does diffusion require an energy input? why/why not?
NO because diffusion is a PASSIVE PROCESS. This means particles are moving DOWN the concentration gradient, which does not require energy.
does osmosis require an energy input? why/why not?
NO because osmosis is a PASSIVE PROCESS. This means particles are moving DOWN the concentration gradient, which does not require energy.
does active transport require an energy input? why/why not?
YES because active transport is an ACTIVE PROCESS. This means particles are moving AGAINST the concentration gradient, which requires energy.
Give 4 factors that affect the rate of diffusion.
temperature, distance (of diffusion path), concentration gradient, SA : volume ratio
how does temperature affect diffusion?
higher temperature = faster diffusion rate
how does distance affect diffusion?
shorter distance for particles to travel = faster diffusion rate
how does the size of a concentration gradient affect diffusion?
smaller concentration gradient = faster diffusion rate
how does surface area : volume ratio affect diffusion?
larger SA : volume ratio = faster diffusion rate
what is the name of the state in which particles (or water molecules) are evenly spread out after diffusion (or osmosis)?
equilibrium
what type of molecules are involved in osmosis?
water molecules
