Transportation and Slavery Flashcards
What happened between 1788-1868
160,000 British convicts were sent to Australia as prisons were becoming overcrowded as more people were being charged for petty crimes, such as stealing a loaf of bread. More humane solution than execution.
What factors led ordinary people to crime in Britain?
starvation, poverty, money issues
How did the industrial revolution influence the migration of free settlers?
Because of the poor working conditions, housing and sanitation, this led to many people opting to emigrate. The British at the time controlled a massive empire including America, Canada, South Africa and Australia, so Britain encouraged and helped people to move to these countries in search of a new life.
How did the industrial revolution influence the transportation of convicts?
Rising population in Britain, an increase in the working poor, greater urbanisation and more draconian laws for property crimes as a corollary of the Industrial Revolution all contributed to rising crime levels; and the subsequent prison overpopulation led to the convict transportation system.
What types of migrants were there? and what is their meaning?
Convict - a convicted person transported to serve a sentence in the Britain colony
Slave - a person who is wholly the property of another person
Free settler - a person who pays there way to settle in a new country
Assisted migrant - a person who recives assistance from a government or organisation to move to another country.
What did convicts do after the sentence?
Convicts once released were known to have a better life in Australia than they would have in Britain and only a selected few would return there. Those who stayed were bush workers and the first farmers but were rarely acknowledged.
What are the types of slavery? and their meaning?
Indenture - a form of labour where a person Is contracted to work for a specific period of time without salary
Chattel Slavery - enslavement and ownership of human beings as property- being able to be bought and sold
Debt bondage - pledge of a person’s services as a repayment of debt.
Where did the triangular trade originate? and which other countries/colonies were involved?
The triangle trade originated in Britain and consisted of Britain, Africa, america and the Caribbean
What did Britain receive from the British colony in America?
sugar, rum. tobacco, iron and cotton
What did Brittain send to Africa?
Cloth, guns and ironware
What did Africa provide to the triangular trade?
Captured native Africans who were transported and became slaves, and spices such as pepper. Would mostly go to America or the Caribbean.
What was Africa like after the Atlantic slave trade?
The slave trade had devastating effects on Africa. Economic incentives for warlords and tribes to engage in the slave trade promoted an atmosphere of lawlessness and violence. Depopulation and continuing fear of captivity made economic and agricultural development almost impossible throughout much of western Africa.
What did the Caribbean provide?
Ingredients for rum
