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Chemistry 101 > Transtitions > Flashcards

Transtitions Flashcards

1
Q

Moving from primary halide to primary amine

A

+ NH3
Ammonia will replace halide group, resulting in protonated amine
- H+
Deprotonates amine, resulting in primary amine

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2
Q

Moving from primary halide to alcohol

A

+ NaOH

OH replaces halide leaving NaX(halide)

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3
Q

Moving from alcohol to ether

A

+Na or K
Replaces the H group on OH
+Alkyl halide
Alkyl group replaces Na/K

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4
Q

Moving from alcohol to carboxylic acid

A 
\+ KMnO4 
Primary Alcohol becomes carbobylic
Purple -> brown
Or
\+ K2Cr2O7
Alcohol becomes carbonyl 
then carboxylic (only if carbonyl is aldehyde)
Orange -> green
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5
Q

Moving from carboxylic to amide

A

+SOCl2
Cl replaces OH, leaving SO2 + HCL
+ amine (RNH2)
Replaces Cl group, losing H

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6
Q

Moving from amide to carboxylic

A

+ H+, H2O
Or
+ NaOH, H2O (Produces anion)
Requires heat, seperates amide into amine

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7
Q

Moving from carboxylic to ester

A 
\+ROH, H+
Replaces H on OH, produces water
Or
\+SOCl 
Cl replaces OH, leaving SO2 + HCL
\+ ROH
Replaces Cl
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8
Q

Moving from aldehyde to carboxylic

A 
\+Tollens reagent
Algehyde is oxidized, gaining O
Tollens becomes silver metal
Or
\+ K2Cr2O7
green to orange
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9
Q

Moving from alkene to alkylhalide

A

+ HX (Halide)

Forms alkylhalide

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10
Q

Moving from alkene to alcohol

A

+H2O, H+

Forms alcohol

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11
Q

Moving from alkyne to alkane

A

+2H2

Hydrogenation

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12
Q

Moving from alkene to diol

A

+KMnO4, 0 degrees

Forms diol with double bond oxidation

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13
Q

Moving from diol to carboxylic

A

+KMnO4
(Primary and secondary alcohol)
Forms carboxylic, oxidation

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14
Q

Moving from diol to ketone

A

+KMnO4
(primary and tertiary alcohol)
Forms ketone, oxidation

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15
Q

ampere

A

1 coulomb per second

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16
Q

octane ratting of nHeptane

A

0

17
Q

Ester / Amide boiling point

A

Lower than its respective amine or carbonyl

18
Q

Boiling point of enantiomers

A

They are the same as well as melting points

19
Q

Metabolism of sugars

A

The ester link in glucose is easy to break

20
Q

Addition and subtraction of x in Kc calculation

A

Occurs when there is a known initial concentration of product.

Can be ignored because it has little effect

21
Q

pH calculation through pka

A

pH = pka + Log ( SALT / ACID)

22
Q

ph calculation with pkb

A 
pOH = pkb + Log (SALT / BASE)
pH = 14-pOH
23
Q

Ideal indicator pka

A

equal to the pka of the acid

24
Q

isoctane octane rating

A

Given octane rating of 100 arbitrarily

25
Q

carboxylic acid and NaHCO3

A

Na replaces H on alcohol

produces water and CO2

26
Q

dichromate colour indicator

A

Goes from orange to green when there is primar yor secondary alcohol.

Chemistry 101 (4 decks)

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