Trauma-related Disorder

Question 1

What constitutes a traumatic event?

Answer 1

Events that are emotionally disturbing or distressing
-Can be sudden or prolonged

Question 2

Adverse Childhood Experiences vs. Trauma

Answer 2

ACEs are potentially traumatic events that occur during childhood
-Trauma can occur at any point in life and may result from prolonged exposure to adversity

Question 3

Trauma and the Brain

Answer 3

-Trauma affects brain regions like the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex
-Impacts rationalization, regulation, and differentiation between past and present
-Individuals may feel re-exposed to the traumatic event

Question 4

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Answer 4

-children experience emotionally withdrawn behavior towards caregivers(neglect, abuse)
-Social and emotional challenges include minimal responsiveness, restricted affect, and unexplained emotional stress
-insufficient care characterized by lack of basic emotional needs, frequent caregiver changes, or unconventional environments
-Risk factors include social negl**ect and quality of caregiving environment
-Child doesn’t seek or respond to comfort when distressed
-Limited social and emotional responsiveness
-

Question 5

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Answer 5

-Socially divergent behavior, seeking attention from strangers
-approach unfamiliar individuals without hesitation, without considering potential dangers or consequences.

Question 6

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
PTSD Criteria’s a-H

Answer 6

-exposure to traumatic events like death, threated death, threated sexual violence
-recurrent symptoms like having flash backs, traumatic nightmares,
-Avoidance behaviors of trauma after events
-Unable to recalled event of trauma (cognitive distortion)
-aggressive behavior, difficulty concentrating
-more than 1months
-Symptoms may develop 3 months after trauma
Acute Stress Disorder is a related condition
-Risk factors include peritraumatic, peritraumatic, and posttraumatic factors

Question 7

PTSD in children

Answer 7

-Emphasis on witnessing traumatic event from a primary
caregiver
No inclusion of repeated exposure to aversive details
-Symptoms occur and worsen after the event
Includes both persistent avoidance of stimuli and negative
alterations in cognitive
-Does not include persistent inability to experience positive
emotions
Does not include feelings of detachment or estrangement
from others

Question 8

Adjustment Disorders

Answer 8

Development of emotional and behavioral symptoms after a stressful event
-Occurs within 3 months of the
onset of stressor (e.g. moving
to college, getting a divorce,
losing a job, etc. )
-Sometimes when something big and unexpected happens, like moving to a new house, or someone you love going away, it can make you feel all mixed up inside. You might feel really sad, or angry, or even scared.

Question 9

Vulnerable populations

Answer 9

Marginalized groups with higher rates of PTSD

Question 10

Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Answer 10

Therapy involving eye movements for trauma processing

Question 11

Brief Eclectic Therapy

Answer 11

Short-term therapy combining different approaches

Question 12

Attachment styles

Answer 12

-secure: comfortable with intimacy, secure in self
**-Anxious: reliant on relationship for comfort in self
-Avoidance:** emotionally distance, fear of losing self
-Fearful: fear of connection

Question 13

Describe the diagnostic criteria for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) according to
the DSM-5

Answer 13

**exposure to a traumatic event, intrusion symptoms, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity. **
-Symptoms must persist for more than one month and cause significant distress or impairment in functioning.

Question 14

How can trauma be defined?

Answer 14

as events that cause physiological effects on the brain. It can** lead to long-lasting emotional and psychological consequences.**

Question 15

Describe how the brain is impacted by trauma (e.g How do the amygdala, hippocampus,
and frontal cortex respond?)

Answer 15

-amygdala may become hyperactive, leading to heightened fear responses.
-hippocampus, responsible for memory processing,** may be impaired, affecting the ability to contextualize memories.
-prefrontal cortex, involved in rationalization and regulation, may also be impacted, leading to difficulties in emotional regulation and decision-making.

Question 16

What are the categories of trauma and stressor related disorders

Answer 16

Reactive Attachment Disorder, Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Adjustment Disorders, and Acute Stress Disorder.

Question 17

Describe the diagnostic criteria for Reactive Attachment Disorder according to the
DSM-5

Answer 17

• a consistent pattern of emotionally withdrawn behavior towards caregivers.
  -Children with RAD may have minimal social and emotional responsiveness, limited positive affect, and episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness, or fearfulness.
  -disturbances in social interactions, emotionally withdrawn behavior, and a history of insufficient care.

Question 18

What are the three categories of PTSD risk factors

Answer 18

pre-trauma factors, peri-trauma factors, and post-trauma factors.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of Adjustment Disorder

Answer 19

* characterized by the development of emotional symptoms within three months of a stressful event
-include sadness, hopelessness, worry, and physical complaints.

Question 20

9. What are the characteristics of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

Answer 20

socially divergent behavior, such as approaching and interacting with unfamiliar adults without hesitation.

Question 21

Acute stress Disorder

Answer 21

-significant distress and disruption in daily functioning following exposure to a traumatic event
-Symptoms: intrusive thoughts, memories, or dreams related to the traumatic event, avoidance of reminders of the event, negative mood or emotions, and heightened arousal or reactivity (
when someone goes through a really scary or traumatic experience, like an accident or a natural disaster, and it makes them feel overwhelmed and on edge. They might have nightmares, flashbacks, or upsetting memories of what happened. They might feel really anxious, jumpy, or on high alert all the time, even when they’re safe.