Treatment Endocrine Dysfunction Flashcards
1
Q
Diabetes
A
- Biggest challenge Aussie health system
- Affects 1.7 million
- affects entire body
- self care daily
- can’t maintain healthy levels glucose in blood
- insulin no longer produced/not enough
- role insulin stimulates cells take in glucose from blood
- no cure(mange effectively)
2
Q
Type One diabetes
A
- begin childhood
- Fault patience immune system cause destruction beta cells in islets of langergam (pancreas)
- beta cells= insulin
- Most cells respond normal way= managed
3
Q
Type Two diabetes
A
- develop over age 45
- able produce insulin but cells don’t respond
- lifestyle (not physically active, overweight/obese)
- cells don’t respond insulin, don’t take glucose from blood
- cause~heart disease, stroke, eye problems, nerve damage,skin/foot problems
- body building insulin resistance unable covert glucose to energy
4
Q
Treatment: Type One
A
- Insulin replacement with injection (up to 6 days) /insulin pump
- Monitor blood glucose levels regularly
- healthy diet/eating plan
- regular exercise
5
Q
Treatment type 2
A
- eating well
- exercising
- regular blood glucose monitoring test
- prescribed tablets control blood glucose levels
- then take insulin
- progresses
6
Q
Treatment of insulin
A
Injections
- insulin=hormone made by pancreas allows body use glucose in from food that you eat energy/ store
- helps keep blood sugar levels from too high (hyperglycaemia) too low (hypoglycaemia)
7
Q
Risk of using insulin
A
- Lead weight gain-type two bad
- Allergic reaction/infections- causing swelling itching ect.
- infections (through disposable needle)
- drug interactions~ potential negative interaction other medication taking over the counter drugs/ dietary supplements
- heart disease, stroke, eye problems, nerve damage,skin&foot problem
8
Q
Benefits diabetes
A
- lowers blood sugar levels, prevent
- heart attack, stroke,reduced eyesight,kidney disease,nerve problems, amputation
- safer life less worry/concern
9
Q
Ethical concerns diabetes
A
- insulin came pigs= problem Jewish and Muslim faith
- insulin came cows= problem Hindu faith
- insulin produced recombination DNA- genetic engineering consider wrong
- ethical concerns associated morals, religion, upbringing of person
10
Q
Disorders of thyroid gland
A
- thyroid gland located in neck
-secretes two hormones~thyroxine and
Tri-iodothyronine
-same effect, major form thyroxine
-thyroxine~ affects nearly every tissue in body, stimulating carbohydrates, protein and fat metabolism
-secretes thyroxine from thyroid gland regulates basal metabolic rates
-some energy released from chemical reactions stimulated by thyroxine in form heat, important maintain body temp
-secretion thyroxine controlled, thyroid-stimulating hormone, secreted anterior lobe of picture kitty but release controlled hypothalamus in brain
-excess of deficiency thyroxine causes disorders
-imbalance thyroxine can due imbalance TSH
11
Q
Thyroid glands: Hyperthyroidism
A
- too much thyroxine- thyroid gland produce to much
- common type Graves’ disease
- enlargement thyroid caused immune system reaction
- not inherited, be genetic predisposition
- symptoms rapid heartbeat, weight loss, increased appetite, sweating anxiety
12
Q
Thyroid glands: Hypothyroidism
A
- too little thyroxine, more common
- occurs problem with thyroid disease/ due problems pituitary gland or hypothalamus
- symptoms~ slow heart rate, unexplained weight gain,fatigue,lack energy ect.
- 1 thyroid gland due lack iodine-thyroxine molecule contain 4 iodine atoms (T4) & Tri-iodothyronine molecule 3 atoms iodine(T3). Deficiency, iodine diet, prevents thyroid gland making enough hormones
- then become enlarged in effort increase hormone production-Goitre
- if pregnant affect baby’s brain & retards physical development
13
Q
Treatment Thyroid glands (general)
A
- Tablet=Levothyroxine synthetic form T4(can cause heart disease)
- Tablets made from dried and peered thyroid glands animals,pigs, contain thyroid hormones T3 T4 not same proportions produced thyroid gland in humans
- Today, treated hormones made synthetically by chemical process
14
Q
Treatment thyroid gland- hyperthyroid
A
- Drugs block thyroid gland use of iodine
- surgery remove some/or gland
- patient drink radioactive iodine, taken up by thyroid glands, killed by radioactivity, cells elsewhere in body not absorb iodine unaffected,eventually excreted in urine
15
Q
Treatment thyroid gland-Hypothyroidism
A
- inclusion extra iodine in diet
- tablets containing thyroid hormone (no cure,tablets rest of life)
