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History > Treatment of disease > Flashcards

Treatment of disease Flashcards

1
Q

How did the Romans treat disease?

A
  • Supernatural (offerings and prayers)
  • Natural (Herbs, bloodletting)
  • Hippocratic (observation, prognosis, care)
  • Galen (Theory of opposites)
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2
Q

What did the Romans prioritise over treating disease?

A

Staying clean, bathing, following the beliefs of Regimen

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3
Q

How were diseases treated in the Medieval time period?

A
  • Supernatural (planets, prayers)
  • Natural (Herbs, bloodletting)
  • Galen (Theory of opposites)

The Black Death
- Prayer, flagellation, burning of herbs and spices, wearing lucky charms!

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4
Q

Why was it likely for treatment to change in the Renaissance period?

A

The renaissance was a time of technological advancement and experimentation

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5
Q

Why were there few advancements in treatment in the Renaissance period?

A
  • Although there was better understanding, it offered no other treatments so people continued to use old ways
  • People were scared of change
  • The Great plague of 1665 was treated in much the same way as the Black death of 1348
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6
Q

How was disease treated in the renaissance period?

A
  • 4 humours (purging + bloodletting)

- Planets / astrology

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7
Q

How was disease treated in the Industrial time period?

A
  • Burning barrels of tar
  • Herbal /chemical cures
  • People strayed from the supernatural to more scientific
  • Burning clothes of the infected
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8
Q

What improved rather than treatment in the Industrial period?

A

The prevention of disease improved rapidly in the industrial period with Jenners vaccine in 1796 and Pasteur and Koch’s work introducing more vaccines as well

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9
Q

Why was treatment in the Modern period different from in the past?

A
  • Treatments were chemical based and manufactured rather than naturally found
  • They were based from scientific research (actually worked)
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10
Q

How was disease treated in the Modern period of medicine?

A
  • Magic bullets (salvarson 606 / prontosil)
  • Penicilin
  • Genetic screening / modification
  • New technology
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11
Q

What allowed the treatment of disease to advance so rapidly in the modern period?

A
  • New technology such as x-rays progressed to CAT and MRI scans
  • People began to believe more in science rather than the supernatural
  • The World wars / Boer wars highlighted a need for better treatment as many soldiers were dying of disease and the population was unhealthy
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12
Q

What were hospitals like in the Roman time period?

A
  • Army hospitals in forts but HOME TREATMENT in towns
  • 4 beds in a ward
  • Surgeon and assistants
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13
Q

What were hospitals like in medieval times?

A
  • Hospitals were controlled by THE CHURCH
  • 1400 -> 500 hospitals with only 5-6 beds
  • Infectious diseases were not allowed in hospitals
  • Treated with food,rest, and prayer
  • No MEDICAL treatment
  • Nuns
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14
Q

What were hospitals like in the Renaissance time period?

A
  • Hospitals closed with Henry VIII rule and taken over by councils
  • 11 new hospitals opened, each with more beds
  • Still infectious patients were not allowed in
  • Prayer, simple surgery, herbs, bloodletting
  • Patients were clean, warm and fed
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15
Q

What were hospitals like in the 1850s before Nightingale?

A
  • Treatment depended on your wealth
  • Home treatments were considered healthier
  • Voluntry hospitals had around 4000 beds
  • Small local hospitals
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16
Q

What effect did Nightingale have on hospitals?

A
  • Improved hygiene and cleanliness
  • Sanitiation, Ventilation, Supplies, Trained nurses

Death rate fell (in Crimea) from 40% to 2%

17
Q

What were hospitals like before the NHS?

A
  • Cottage hospitals / special hospitals for mentally ill / infectious
  • Aseptic surgery
  • Trained nurses, sanitation, supplies, and ventilation
  • Hospitals relied on charities or private funding

in 1919 Ministry of health gave governemnt an overview of healthcare provision

18
Q

How did the NHS change hospitals?

A
  • Larger hospitals (but fewer)
  • Wide range of treatments on offer
  • Improved identification tech (MRIs/ Xrays)
  • Improved treatment tech (Dialysis / radiotherapy)
  • Specialist care
  • Infectious patients kept seperate to reduce spread of disease
19
Q

What factors contributed to the advancement of hospitals?

A
  • Crimean / world war
  • Nighingale
  • Government intervention
  • Science and tech
  • Right to vote
20
Q

What were the turning points in the advancement of hospitals?

A
  • Henry VIII sees less church control
  • Nightingale causes better conditions
  • NHS makes hospitals efficient and accessible
21
Q

How were doctors trained in Roman times?

A
  • Training was not compulsory
  • Acted as apprentices to experienced doctors
  • Reading of the hippocratic corpus
  • Doctors had to take the hippocratic oath
22
Q

How did Galen change the way doctors were trained?

A
  • Encouraged disection
  • Promoted false ideas
  • Distinguished and proved brain controlled body
  • Educated doctors on anatomy (false often tho)
23
Q

How were doctors trained in the medieval period?

A
  • Wise women and family passsed down ideas
  • Development of UNIVERSITIESSSS
  • Universities provided 7 year expensive course to train physicians
  • Only around 100 physicians
  • Students read galens books and observed
  • Students had to memorise work rather than test it uno
24
Q

How were doctors trained in the Renaissance time period?

A
  • QUESTIONING TRADITIONAL IDEAS
  • Vesalius and Harvey disprove Galen
  • Training becomes more practical
  • Students encouraged to EXPERIMENT
  • Women cannot b physicians tho #peak
25
Q

How were doctors trained in the industrial time period?????

A
  • Universities with lectures, books, some practical stuf
  • Observing symptoms and carrying out disections
  • Observe as well as read
  • Subjective training to what the professor wants to teach
  • No government intervention
  • Exams and official recognition as doctors tho (have to register)
  • Women as doctors yay 1876
26
Q

Before the NHS, how were doctors trained?

A
  • University with considerable practical work
  • Professors decide training with some intervention from Royal College
  • Little specialisation or further training
  • No government regulation
27
Q

How did the introduction of the NHS change the way doctors were trained?

A
  • University for 7 years
  • Doctors had to keep up to date by reading medical journals
  • Proffessors and royal colleges still decide what the doctors learn
  • Government intervention as to how a doctor is trained
  • Specialisation!!
28
Q

What factors caused the training of doctors to change?

A
  • Galen, Vesalius, Harvey
  • Change in attitudes such as women being allowed to go to university
  • Government involvement
  • Science and tech spreads ideas and allows experimentation
29
Q

What were the turning points in the training of doctors?

A
  • Galens work
  • Vesalius and Harvey
  • NHS
30
Q

What were the turning points in the treatment of disease?

A
  • Spontaneus generation
  • Germ theory
  • Discovery of DNA

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History (13 decks)

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