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7451 Block 3 > Treatments > Flashcards

Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

3 Latent TB preferred treatments

A
  • 3 months isoniazid + rifapentine Q weekly
  • 4 months rifampin QD
  • 3 months isoniazid + rifampin QD
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2
Q

2 latent TB alternative treatments:

A
  • 6 months isoniazid QD

- 9 months isoniazid QD

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3
Q

Active TB:

Initial treatment

A

rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (RIPE) for 2 months

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4
Q

Active TB:

If CXR and AFB both negative

A

4 additional months of rifampin and isoniazid

6 months total therapy

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5
Q

Active TB:

If either CXR or AFB smear is positive

A

take another culture, then give 2 months rifampin and isoniazid

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6
Q

Active TB:

If 2nd culture is negative

A

continue rifampin and isoniazid

6 months total therapy

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7
Q

Active TB:

After 2nd culture and if negative CXR

A

continue rifampin and isoniazid

6 months total therapy

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8
Q

Active TB:

After 2nd culture and if positive CXR

A

continue rifampin and isoniazid

9 months total

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9
Q

Rifampin dose in adults

A

10mg/kg QD or 2-3 times/week

generally 600mg PO QD

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10
Q

Rifampin dose in children

A

10-20mg/kg QD or 2-3 times/week

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11
Q

Isoniazid dose in adults

A

5mg/kg QD or 15mg/kg 2-3 times/week

usually 300mg PO QD

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12
Q

Isoniazid dose in children

A

10-15mg/kg daily or 20-30mg/kg 2-3 times/week

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13
Q

pyrazinamide dose in adults

A

25mg/kg PO QD

max dose 2000mg

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14
Q

ethambutol dose in adults

A

15mg/kg PO QD

max dose 1600mg

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15
Q

3 C.diff non-severe treatments:

A
  • vanc 125mg PO QID x 10 days
  • fidaxomicin 200mg PO BID x 10 days
  • metronidazole 500mg PO TID x 10 days
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16
Q

2 C. diff severe treatments:

A
  • vanc 125mg PO QID x 10 days

- fidaxomicin 200mg PO BID x 10 days

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17
Q

3 C. diff fulminant treatment:

A
  • vanc 500mg PO or via nasogastric tube QID
  • if ileus, consider adding vanc 500mg in 100mL NS per rectum Q6h enema
  • if ileus add metronidazole 500mg IV Q8h with oral or rectal vanc
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18
Q

Cirrhotic Ascites - SBP

2 primary treatments for primary peritonitis:

A
  • cefotaxime

- ceftriaxone

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19
Q

Cirrhotic Ascites-SBP

2 secondary prophylaxis Tx for primary peritonitis

A
  • ciprofloxacin

- Bactrim

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20
Q

Peritoneal dialysis:

Tx for primary peritonitis due to peritoneal dialysis

A

vanc + 3rd gen cephalosporin or aminoglycoside

intraperitoneal route preferred

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21
Q

4 single agents for HA-IAI:

A
  • pip/taz
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • doripenem
  • meropenem
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22
Q

3 combo agents for HA-IAI

A
  • cefepime + metronidazole
  • ceftazidime + metronidazole
  • vanc + aztreonam + metronidazole
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23
Q

HA-IAI:

3 agents for E. faecalis

A
  • pip/taz
  • imipenem/cilastatin
  • addition of ampicillin or vanc
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24
Q

HA-IAI:

1 agent for E. faecium

A

vancomycin

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25
Q

HA-IAI:

2 agents for vanc resistant Enterococcus spp.

A
  • daptomycin

- linezolid

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26
Q

IAI:

What class to Tx ESBL producing or AmpC beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae?

A

broad spectrum carbapenem

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27
Q

IAI:

What is used to treat KPC producing Enterobacteriaceae?

A

combo therapy with broad spectrum carbapenem + aminoglycoside, polymyxin, tigecycline OR ceftazidime/avibactam

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28
Q

IAI:

What is used to treat MDR strains of P. aeruginosa?

A

combo therapy with aminoglycoside + colistin OR ceftolazone/tazobactim OR ceftazidime/avibactam

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29
Q

IAI:

What is used to treat MDR strains of Acinetobacter baumanii?

A

combo therapy with broad spectrum carbapenem + aminoglycoside, polymyxin, or tigecycline

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30
Q

IAI:

What is used to treat critically ill pts with Candida albicans?

A

echinocandin

Micafungin

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31
Q

IAI:

What is used to treat less critically ill pts with Candida albicans?

A

fluconazole

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32
Q

IAI:

What is used to treat non-Candida albicans spp?

A

echinocandin

Micafungin

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33
Q

Watery diarrhea:

What drug is first choice for ETEC?

A

ciprofloxacin

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34
Q

Watery diarrhea:

What drug is first choice for Shigella?

A

ciprofloxacin

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35
Q

Watery diarrhea:

What drug is first choice for Salmonella?

A

ciprofloxacin

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36
Q

Watery diarrhea:

What drug is first choice for Vibrio cholerae?

A

doxycycline

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37
Q

Watery diarrhea:

What pathogens do NOT receive antibiotics?

A
  • norovirus

- rotavirus

38
Q

Dysentery:

What pathogen does not receive antibiotics?

A

enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

39
Q

3 acceptable options for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy:

A
  • nitrofurantoin
  • cephalexin
  • amox/clav

duration 4-7 days

40
Q

3 first line choices for acute uncomplicated cystitis :

A
  • nitrofurantoin 100mg PO BID x 5 days
  • Bactrim DS PO BID x 3 days
  • fosfomycin 3g PO once
41
Q

2 treatments for mild to moderate pyelonephritis:

A
  • cipro 500mg PO BID x 7 days

levo 750mg PO QD x 5 days

42
Q

Severe pyelonephritis:

Which class of abx is reserved for pts with confirmed MDR?

A

carbapenems

43
Q

Drugs for severe pyelonephritis:

A
  • ceftriaxone
  • cefepime
  • ceftazidime
  • pip/taz
  • amp/sulbactam
  • levofloxacin
  • ciprofloxacin
44
Q

Recurrent UTI prophylaxis:

2 drugs for continuous low dose therapy

A
  • nitrofurantoin 50-100mg PO QD

- Bactrim SS 0.5-1 tab PO QD

45
Q

Recurrent UTI prophylaxis:

1 drug for post-coital therapy

A

Bactrim SS 1 tab PO

46
Q

5 PO drugs for complicated UTI:

A
  • Bactrim
  • nitrofurantoin
  • cipro
  • levo
  • fosfomycin
47
Q

Bactrim PO dose for complicated UTI

A

one DS PO BID

48
Q

nitrofurantoin PO dose for complicated UTI

A

100mg PO BID

49
Q

ciprofloxacin PO dose for complicated UTI

A
  • 500mg PO BID

- 1000mg ER PO QD

50
Q

levofloxacin PO dose for complicated UTI

A

500-750 mg PO QD

51
Q

fosfomycin PO dose for complicated UTI

A

3g Q2-3 days for 3 doses

52
Q

parenteral gentamicin or tobramycin dose for complicated UTI

A
  • 3-5mg/kg IV in 3 divided doses

- 5-7mg/kg IV q24h

53
Q

parenteral amikacin dose for complicated UTI

A
  • 15mg/kg IV in 2-3 divided doses

- 15-20mg/kg IV q24h

54
Q

parenteral ampicillin dose for complicated UTI

A

1-2g IV q4-6h +/- aminoglycoside

55
Q

parenteral ampicillin/sulbactam dose for complicated UTI

A

3g IV q6h

56
Q

parenteral pip/taz dose for complicated UTI

A

3.375g IV q6h

57
Q

parenteral aztreonam dose for complicated UTI:

A

500mg IV q8-12h

58
Q

parenteral ciprofloxacin dose for complicated UTI

A

400mg IV q12h

59
Q

parenteral levofloxacin dose for complicated UTI

A

750mg IV daily

60
Q

3 alternative choices for prostatitis:

A
  • pip/taz
  • 3rd gen cephalosporin
  • doxycycline/minocycline
61
Q

3 drugs for prostatitis:

A
  • Bactrim
  • ciprofloxacin
  • levofloxacin
62
Q

Bactrim dose for prostatitis:

A

1 DS tab PO BID

63
Q

ciprofloxacin dose for prostatitis

A

500mg PO BID

64
Q

levofloxacin dose for prostatitis:

A

500mg PO QD

65
Q

What is the treatment for asymptomatic catheter associated UTI?

A
  • remove catheter

- abx Tx unecessary

66
Q

What is the treatment for symptomatic catheter associated UTI?

A

remove catheter, treat as complicated infection

67
Q

2 common drugs fro SSI

A
  • cefazolin

- gentamicin

68
Q

cefazolin dose for SSI

A

2g

3g if 120kg of more

69
Q

gentamicin dose for SSI

A

5mg/kg single dose

70
Q

SSI:

cefazolin half life in adults with normal renal function

A

1.2-2.2 hrs

71
Q

SSI:

cefoxitin half life in adults with normal renal function

A

0.7-1.1 hrs

72
Q

cefazolin redosing interval for SSI

A

4hrs

73
Q

cefoxitin redosing interval for SSI

A

2hrs

74
Q

Gentamicin and metronidazole redosing interval for SSI

A

redosing is not necessary

75
Q

gonorrhea treatment

A

ceftriaxone 250mg IM + azithromycin 1g PO x 1

76
Q

disseminated gonococcal infection Tx:

A

ceftriaxone 1g IM/IV Q24h for at least 7 days + azithromycin 1g PO x 1

77
Q

2 chlamydia treatments

A
  • azithromycin 1g PO

- doxycycline 100mg PO BID x 7 days

78
Q

3 bacterial vaginosis treatments

A
  • metronidazole 500mg PO BID x 7 days
  • metronidazole gel 0.75% 5g intravaginally QD x 5 days
  • clindamycin cream 2% 5g intravaginally QHS x 7 days
79
Q

primary/secondary/early latent syphilis treatment

A

benzathine Pen G 2.4 million units IM x 1

80
Q

tertiary/late latent/unknown duration syphilis treatment

A

benzathine Pen G 2.4 million units IM weekly x 3 doses

81
Q

2 neurosyphilis/ocular syphilis treatment

A
  • aqueous pen G 3-4 million units IV Q4h x 10-14 days

- aqueous crystalline Pen G 19-24 million units IV continuous infusion x 10-14 days

82
Q

3 chancroid treatments

A
  • azithromycin 1g PO x 1
  • ceftriaxone 250mg IM x 1
  • ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x 3 days
83
Q

2 treatments for genital herpes first episode:

A
  • acyclovir 400mg PO TID x 7-10 days

- valacyclovir 1g PO BID x 7-10 days

84
Q

3 treatments for genital herpes suppressive therapy

A
  • acyclovir 400mg PO BID
  • valacyclovir 1000mg PO QD
  • famciclovir 250mg PO BID
85
Q

Main treatment for episodic (recurrent) genital herpes:

A

acyclovir 400mg PO TID x 5 days

86
Q

2 treatments for Trichomoniasis

A
  • metronidazole 2g PO x 1

- tinidazole 2g PO x 1

87
Q

3 OTC Tx for uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

A
  • clotrimazole cream
  • miconazole cream or vag suppository
  • tioconazole ointment
88
Q

3 Rx Tx for uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis

A
  • fluconazole 150mg PO x 1
  • butoconazole cream
  • terconazole cream/vag suppository
89
Q

2 Tx for PID outpatient

A
  • ceftriaxone 250mg IM x 1 + doxycycline 100mg PO BID x 14 days
  • cefoxitin 2g IM + probenecid 1g PO + doxycycline 100mg PO BID x 14 days

can add 500mg metronidazole for more anaerobic coverage

90
Q

5 Tx for PID inpatient

A
  • cefotetan 2g IV q12h + doxycycline 100mg IV/PO q12h
  • cefoxitin 2g IV q6h + doxycycline 1mg IV/PO q12
  • clindamycin 900mg IV q8h + gentamicin IV/IM 2mg/kg loading dose followed by 1.5mg/kg q8h
  • amp/sul 3g IV q6h + doxycycline 100mg IV/PO q12h
91
Q

PID treatment failure

A

moxifloxacin 400mg PO QD x 14 days

7451 Block 3 (1 decks)

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