Tuberculosis Flashcards
What is the organism responsible for tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What type of bacteria is mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Gram-negative rod shaped bacillus.
What is an atypical cause of tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium bovis
This can jump from cattle to humans.
What type of hypersensitivity is involved in tuberculosis?
Type 4 hypersensitivity
Does tuberculosis only affect the lungs?
No, it spreads through here although 90% of patients have only pulmonary symptoms.
How does tuberculosis show on a Ziehl-Neelson stain?
Will have acid-fast bacilli.
How is active tuberculosis treated?
Think ‘RIPE’:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Give ALL FOUR for 2 months, then ‘RI’ for a further 4 months.
How is latent tuberculosis treated?
Rifampicin and isoniazid for 3 months, or isoniazid mono-therapy for 6 months.
Which tuberculosis drug causes orange secretions?
Rifampicin
What are side-effects of isoniazid?
Hepatitis Agranulocytosis
Peripheral neuropathy
How is isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy managed?
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) therapy
What are side-effects of pyrazinamide?
Hyperuricaemia (causing gout)
Arthralgia/Myalgia
Hepatitis
Which tuberculosis treatment may cause optic neuritis?
Ethambutol
What is the name of the tuberculosis vaccination
BCG vaccine.
