Tubular and Interstitial

Question 1

Characterized by rapid loss of renal function –> failure to maintain fluid and electrolyte and acid base balance manifesting as oliguria

Answer 1

acute kidney injury

Question 2

Most common cause of AKI

Answer 2

ischemia

Question 3

Karyolytic tubular cells, coagulative necrosis, tubulorrhexis

Answer 3

acute tubular necrosis

Question 4

Injury to skeletal muscle causes AKI by:

Answer 4

release of myoglobin –> proteins toxic to kidney

Question 5

Common conditions causing renal ischemia

Answer 5

microscopic polyangitis
microangiopathies
thrombotic pathologies (HUS TTP DIC)

Question 6

Drug causing direct toxic injury to tubules

Answer 6

gentamycin

Question 7

Separation of cells from BM

Answer 7

detachment of tubulo-epithelial cells from BM

Question 8

AKI phase: slight decrease in urine output and rise BUN/creatinine

Answer 8

Initiation phase

Question 9

AKI phase: sustained decrease in urine output, rising BUN/creatinine, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and other manifestations of uremia

Answer 9

Maintenance phase

Question 10

AKI phase: increase in urine output for up to 3L/day with water, sodium, and potassium losses

Answer 10

Recovery phase

Question 11

AKI phase: Hypokalemia becomes a concern

Answer 11

Recovery phase

Question 12

Features of tubulointerstitial nephritis that distinguish it from glomerular diseases

Answer 12

absence of nephritic or nephrotic syndrome

features of tubular dysfunction: polyuria, salt wasting, metabolic acidosis