Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards
What is type 1 diabetes?
A state of absolute insulin deficiency - likely to be caused by an environmental trigger in a genetically susceptible individual mediated by an autoimmune process within the pancreatic beta cell
When is the peak incidence age of type 1 diabetes
puberty
What HLAs are associated with diabetes type 1
DR3-DQ2
DR4-DQ8
What environmental factors may play a role in the aetiology of type diabetea
seasonality
viral infection- Coxsakie
maternal factors
weight gain in childhood
What islet autoantibodies are commonly found in the first few years of life in type 1 diabetics
GAD
ZNT8
IAA
IA-2
What other autoimmune diseases are associated with type 1 diabetes
Thyroid disease
coeliac
addisons
pernicious anaemia
What are the symptoms of type 1 diabetes
TRIAD= polyurea, polydipsea, weight loss Fatigue Somnolence Blurred vision Candida infection- pruritis vulvae, balanitis Keto acidosis
What is the fasting glucose in a diabetic
more than 7mmol/l
What is the random glucose
more than 11.1
What is the aim HbA1c
48-58mmol/l
What is the ‘best’ insulin regime to mimic normal endogenous insulin production
Basal bolus
How is the number of units of insulin calculated when first initiating insulin
0.3 units per kg of body weight
50 percent basal, 50 percent prandial
What is the blood glucose aim before a meal
4-7 mmol/l
What is the blood glucose ain after a meal?
more than 10 mol/l 1-2 hours after a meal
What are the main differences betwwen an analogue and soluble insulin
Analogue- onset 10/15 mins, peak 60-90mins, lasts 4-5 hours
Soluble- onset 30-60mins ,peak 2-4hrs, lasts 5-8hrs
