Types of bonding Flashcards
What is ionic bonding?
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
When atoms lose or gain electrons to gain a full outer shell.
Takes place between a metal and a non-metal.
What is a positive ion known as?
A cation.
What is a negative ion known as?
An anion.
What is the molecular formula?
The number of atoms of each element in a compound or molecule.
What is the empirical formula?
The simplest, whole number ratio of each element in a compound.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
Have high melting and boiling points as lots of energy is needed to break the strong electrostatic forces.
Conduct electricity when molten or dissolved as ions are free to move and carry a charge.
What is covalent bonding?
When atoms share electrons to gain a full outer shell.
Takes place between non-metals.
What are simple molecular substances?
Molecules that consist of just a few atoms covalently bonded together.
What are examples of simple molecular substances?
Chlorine
Water
Methane
Ammonia
What are properties of simple molecular substances?
Have weak intermolecular forces and strong covalent bonds.
Low melting and boiling points as the weak intermolecular forces are broken and not the strong covalent bonds.
Don’t conduct electricity as there are no free electrons or ions.
What are giant covalent structures?
Where a large number of atoms are covalently bonded together.
What are properties of giant covalent structures?
High melting and boiling points as lots of energy is needed to break the strong covalent bonds.
Don’t conduct electricity except for graphite.
Why can graphite conduct electricity?
It has delocalised electrons which can carry a charge.
What are examples of giant covalent structures?
Diamond
Graphite
Silicon dioxide
What is an allotrope?
Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state.
