Types of Chemical Bonds

Question 1

What happens when a bond is formed between atoms?

Answer 1

every time a bond is formed, kinetic energy is released as heat and allows the electron to have a lower energy state to be more stable. the more energy that is lost the stronger the bond and more stable the compound is.

Question 2

What are the 3 different kinds of bonds?

Answer 2

ionic, covalent and metallic

Question 3

Explain the process of ionic bonds

Answer 3

-force of attraction between cation and anion due to full opposite charges
-between metals and non metals to exchange electrons
They must follow these steps:
•metal loses electrons (ionization energy)
•non metal gains electrons (electron affinity energy)
•atoms form 3D crystal lattice which causes the release of kinetic energy (lattice energy)

Question 4

What is lattice energy?

Answer 4

When atoms are held in position in all directions when in a crystal lattice ionic structure, the ions slow down which releases energy- lattice energy

Question 5

Explain the process of covalent bonds

Answer 5

-sharing a pair of electrons between 2 non metals
-weaker than ionic bonds
Involves the following steps:
•atoms overlap 2 partially filled orbitals (creates a region where you can find electrons 95% of time)
•the 2 nuclei and 2 electrons move to positions where their forces balance (optimal particle separation) which causes them to slow down and release bond energy

Question 6

Explain the process of metallic bonds

Answer 6

• bonds formed by metal atoms with themselves because they exist in pure solid form
• bonds formed between oppositely charged cations and free electrons
• Summerfeld described solid metals as cations in a crystal lattice held together by delocalized valence electrons (in empty spaces between atoms) - called the FREE ELECTRON MODEL
• because they are held in position by the electron sea, they slow down and release energy
• smaller electrons=stronger bond=more free electrons they can produce

Question 7

How can you determine the the type of bond that will form between 2 atoms?

Answer 7

the differenence in electronegativities between the 2 atoms:

• non polar covaleny bond = 0-0.5 (no charges)
• polar covalent= 0.5-1.7 (with slight charges)
• ionic bond= 1.7+ (full charges)