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Paper1:Socialisation , Culture And Identity > Types Of Cultures > Flashcards

Types Of Cultures Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of culture ?

A
  1. Cultural diversity
  2. Cultural hybridity
  3. Subculture
  4. High culture
  5. Popular culture
  6. Global culture
  7. Consumer culture
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2
Q

What is culture diversity ?

A

Variety or difference found in society, with two types intercultural and intracultural diversity

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3
Q

What is intercultural diversity ?

A

Differences BETWEEN cultures

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4
Q

What is intracultural diversity ?

A

Differences WITHIN culture

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5
Q

Example of of Intercultural diversity ?

A

Margret Mead , IK tribe and Hamar tribe

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6
Q

What are the examples of intracultural diversity?

A

Social class diversity - middle class, w/c with own culture
Subcultures

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7
Q

What is cultural hybridity?

A

Two or more cultures merge and create a new culture

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8
Q

What are the examples of ethic hybridity ?

A

Nayak : white wannabe
Johal : white mask

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9
Q

What does Johal : white mask focus on ?

A

British Asians have a dual identity as adopt an Asian identity and adopt a British one

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10
Q

How do Asian British youth adopt white mask according to Johal ?

A

Asian youth adopt white mask to interact with white peers in school hit emphasis difference when necessary so hybrid identity

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11
Q

Ways according to Johal white mask Asian British adopt a white mask ?

A

Select aspect of British and Asian identity for fashion , music (Bhangra) and food

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12
Q

What is Nayak : white wannabe ?

A

White British males who dress , act and speak a way which is influenced by hip hop culture

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13
Q

What is an example of Nayak : white wannabe ?

A

Jafacian

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14
Q

What is jafacian according to Nayak : white wannabe

A

Style of speech and accent used by white people influenced by African-Carribean speech to imitate Jamaican speech

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15
Q

What is this all called according to Nayak: white annabe and why ?

A

Hybrid dialect as mixed groups of white and black young people influenced each other

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16
Q

What is subcultures ?

A

Group that share distinctive norms and values which differ from wider culture based on age , music/fashion , political beliefs , punk, emo

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17
Q

What are the examples of subcultures ?

A
  • Willis anti school subculture
  • four features of subculture
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18
Q

What is the anti school subculture by willis

A
  • focuses on white working class “lads”who were school failures, messed around and didn’t take school seriously as knew they would be working in factory anyways like their dad
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19
Q

What are the four features of subculture?

A
  1. Commitment
  2. Identity
  3. Distinctiveness
  4. Autonomy
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20
Q

What is commitment ?

A

members must be dedicated so subculture needs to influence their patterns every day

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21
Q

What is identity ?

A

Members need to feel connection with group insider

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22
Q

What is distinctiveness

A

Shared taste, values different from those of other groups

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23
Q

What is autonomy ?

A

Subculture is independent and self governing

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24
Q

What is high culture ?

A

Cultural practises associated with the powerful, wealthy , elite and social classes

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25
Q

What are the studies of high culture ?

A
  • the cultural importance of high culture
  • the superiority of high culture: frank and Queenie Levis
  • is high culture elitist ?
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26
Q

Examples of canon of high culture ?

A

Entertainment, opera , ballet , art - Da Vinci , music - Beethoven

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27
Q

According to culture importance of high culture why is activities of high culture important ?

A

Supporters of high culture believed that these activities are special becaue their represent the nations culture heritage

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28
Q

According to culture importance of high culture what are examples that activities are important ?

A

Society invest millions of pounds into the institutions such as museums , art galleries, sky news , newspaper

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29
Q

According to superiority of high culture : Frank & Queenie Leavis , why did they defend high culture

A
  1. Work in the canon is timeless
  2. Humanising influence
30
Q

According to superiority of high culture : Frank & Queenie Leavis , what did they do to high culture ?

A

Defend

31
Q

According to superiority of high culture : Frank & Queenie Leavis , what is the work in the canon is timeless ?

A

They stood the test of time they values lie within the work themselves . INTRISTIC VALUES

32
Q

According to superiority of high culture : Frank & Queenie Leavis , what is high culture having humanising influence ?

A

Work if the canon might be more difficult to understand but studying them we better ourselves and educate ourselves

33
Q

According to, is high culture elitist- what is high culture ?

A

Clear that high culture is associated with small elite in society who operate a system of social closure

34
Q

What is social culture ?

A

Not allowing entry to outsiders as high culture maintains elite and exclusive position

35
Q

According to is high culture elitist ? What comes with social clousure ?

A

As expensive and cultural products require high level of education to appreciate their values so limited access to average person

36
Q

What is popular culture ?

A

Enjoyed by majority of the population and mainly associated with entertainment culture e.g Tv, magazine , pop music

37
Q

What are the studies for popular culture ?

A
  1. Popular culture and the media : Dominic Strinati
  2. Popular culture, consumer culture and Marxism
  3. The “inferiority” of popular culture
38
Q

What does postmodernist Dominic Strantni , popular culture and the media argue ?

A

Media is responsible for creating high culture in the UK and Dominic Strinati identifies 5 ways

39
Q

What does postmodernist Dominic Strantni , popular culture and the media say the 5 ways popular culture reflect postmodern influences

A
  1. A breakdown of the distinction between culture and society
  2. Emphasis on style and the expenses of substances and content
  3. Distinction between high culture and popular culture
  4. Confusion over time and space
  5. Decline of ‘meta-narratives’ such as religion and political theories
40
Q

What is a breakdown of the distinction between culture and society ?

A

Media dominates our sense of reality and how we define ourselves

41
Q

What is an emphasis on style at the expense of substance and content ?

A

Importance of packaging, designer labels and advertising rather than quality of content

42
Q

According to popular culture, consumer culture and Marxism , how does Marxism see popular culture ?

A

Some find that fuels consumer culture (spending ) and strengthens capitalism and encourages us to buy

43
Q

According to popular culture, consumer culture and Marxism , through what examples has the world become more costumer oriented ?

A

Digital television and mass communication

44
Q

According to popular culture, consumer culture and Marxism , how does popular culture feed into obsession of being consumer orienated ?

A

Images of designer consumer goods and placing high value of materialism

45
Q

According to popular culture, consumer culture and Marxism , what does Clarke and critcher argue and why ?

A

We are not free to make choices because of popular culture is shaped and manipulated by advertising global capitalism

46
Q

What example does Clarke and Critcher use for popular culture manipulative by advertising to global capitalism

A

E.g X factor after watching show people will buy the magazine , book , pencil case

47
Q

According to the “inferiority” of popular culture how does sociologist see popular culture as ?

A

Inferior that has resulted in the dumping down of intelligence, creativity and critical thinking

48
Q

How does Frank and Queenie Leavis see popular culture ?

A
  • lacking taste
  • sentimental
  • addictive
  • Superficial
  • dangerous
49
Q

What is consumer culture ?

A

Buying and spending is central to society and good and services we buy and consume which largely defines our identity of what we buy and consume

50
Q

What is the other word used as part of consumer culture ?

A

Conspicuous consumption

51
Q

What is conspicuous consumption?

A

Buying particular brands, logo , and designer good as status symbol or to show wealth
E.g Rolex, Hermes handbag

52
Q

Studies for consumer culture ?

A
  • Lucy
  • consumer culture and internet : Alexander Schouten
53
Q

What does Lucy identify for consumer culture ?

A

Identifies five features of consumer culture

54
Q

What is the five features of consumer culture given by Lucy

A
  1. Availability of Wide range of consumer goods
  2. Shopping as leisure pursuit
  3. Different forms of shopping are available
  4. Being in debt is the social norm
  5. Packing and promoting of good is large scale business
55
Q

What does Alexander Schouten, consumer culture and the internet argue about ?

A

Online social media influencer have an impact on our buying habits

56
Q

What does Alexander Schouten, consumer culture and the internet , why does influencers have more impact on buying habits

A

As influencers are more trustworthy than celebrities and that people feel more similar/can relate to influencers and identity more with them

57
Q

What does Alexander Schouten, consumer culture and the internet , so what are followers most likely to do ?

A

Followers of online influencers are more likely to consume products of influencers recommended

58
Q

What does Alexander Schouten, consumer culture and the internet , example of an influencer ?

A

Lily Singh with 13 million and above followers on Instagram

59
Q

What is global culture ?

A

Growing trend of cultural products and activities becoming universal where brands, food , films across countries lose distinctiveness

60
Q

What is global culture linked to ?

A

Globalisation

61
Q

What is globalisation ?

A

Prices of where the wild becomes more interconnected and activities of different cultures influence each other

62
Q

Examples of global culture ?

A

McDonald’s , Nike , coco cola as all instantly recognised around world

63
Q

What are the studies for global culture ?

A
  • global village
  • force that creates global culture
64
Q

Who first introduced global village ?

A

Marshall McLuhan

65
Q

According to global village , what has digital communication lead to ?

A

Increasing volume of communication which does not involve face to face contact

66
Q

According to global village , What idea has digital communication led to ?

A

As time and distance shrinks (time-space compression) the world is bridging a smaller place and this is global village

67
Q

What is global village ?

A

Physical distance and time differences are much less of an issue in communication between people which gives people the ability to create and maintain much stronger social relationship

68
Q

Physical distance and time differences are much less of an issue in communication between people which gives people the ability to create and maintain much stronger social relationship , what definition is this

A

Global village

69
Q

What does global village increase people ability to do ?

A

People ability to create and maintain social relationship with people they know or those far away who they only interact with online
E.g FaceTime , WhatsApp , Skype , Facebook

70
Q

Forces that create global culture , what various forces that help create a global culture according to Giddens ?

A
  1. Television: British&American culture brought into homes
  2. Global economy : businesses,factories and finances reaches continents and countries
  3. Global citizens : sport stars spend time travelling globe as they do at home
  4. International organisations
  5. Electronic communication: telephone, email

Paper1:Socialisation , Culture And Identity (14 decks)

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