Types of Tissue

Question 1

Wha are the Four basic types of Tissues in the body?

Answer 1

They are Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous tissue.

Question 2

What are the five most important types of cell Junctions in the body?

Answer 2

This includes Tight Junctions, Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes and Gap Junctions.

Question 3

What are tight Junctions made up of and used for?

Answer 3

Tight junctions consist of Weblike strands of transmembrane proteins that fuse together the outer surfaces of adjacent cells.
They prevent substances from leaking into the blood and surrounding tissues.

Question 4

What are Adherens Junctions made up of and what are they used for?

Answer 4

They contain plaque and a dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane that attaches to both membrane proteins and microfilliments of the cytosketon.
Transmembrane glycoproteins join the cell called Cadherins.

Question 5

What are Desmosomes made of and what are they used for?

Answer 5

They contain Plaque and transmembrane Glycoproteins that extend into the intercellular space between cells and attach them together.
Unlike Adherens Junctions they do not attach to microfilaments Desmosomes Attach to Intermediate filaments. Which consist of the protein Keratin.

Question 6

What are Hemidesmoasome made up and what are they used for?

Answer 6

These are structures that resemble half of a Desmosome. Instead of Cadherins that connect the cells together it uses structures called Intergrins.
They attach to the intermediate filaments on the inside of the plasma membrane and on the other side it attaches to the protein Lamminin on the basement membrane.

Question 7

What are Gap junctions made up of and what are they used for?

Answer 7

In Gap junctions membrane proteins called Connexins form tiny fluid filled tunnels called connexons that connect to neighbouring cells. The plasma membrane in tight junctions are not fused together but are separated by very narrow intercelluar gap.
Through the connexons, Ions and small molecules can pass through.
Gap junctions allow nerve and muscle impulses to spread rapidly through to other cells.

Question 8

What are the different Classification of Epithelial Tissues?

Answer 8

This includes the arrangement of cells in LAYERS and The SHAPE of the cells.

Question 9

What are the different types of layers of Epithelial Tissues?

Answer 9

This includes Simple Epithelium, Pseudostatified Epithelium, Stratified Epithelium and Transitional cells.

Question 10

What is simple Epithelium tissue?

Answer 10

This is a single layer of cells that function in diffusion, Osmosis, filtration, secretion or absorption.

Question 11

What is Pseudostratified Epithelium Tissue?

Answer 11

This type of tissue appears to have multiple layers of cells because the cell nuclei lie at different levels and not all cells reach the APICAL surface.

Question 12

What is Stratified Epithelium?

Answer 12

This type of tissue consist of 2 or more layers of cells that project underlaying tissues in locations where there is considerable wear and tear.

Question 13

What are the types of cell Shapes?

Answer 13

They are Squamous cells, Cuboidal cells and Columnar.

Question 14

What are Squamous cells?

Answer 14

This type of Epithelium tissue is Thin which allows for the rapid passage of substances through them.

Question 15

What are Cuboidal Epithelium cells?

Answer 15

This type of tissue shape is tall and are wide and are shaped like cubes or hexagons. They may have microvilli at their Apical surface and function in ether secretion or absorption.

Question 16

What are Transitional Epithelium cells?

Answer 16

They change shape from Squamous to Cuboidal and back, as organs such as the urinary bladder stretch to larger size and then collapse to a smaller size.

Question 17

What is the basal Surface in Epithelial Tissues?

Answer 17

This is the the opposite of the Apical surface, It is the Deepest part of cells and is the place where cells attach to the basement membrane.

Question 18

What is the lateral Surface of cells?

Answer 18

This is the part of the cells that face adjacent cells and may contain Tight Junctions, Adherens junctions, Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes and Gap junctions.

Question 19

What is the Apical Surface of a cell?

Answer 19

This is the most Superficial part of the cell and is the parr of the cell that faces the body cavities, Surfaces and Lumen.

Question 20

What are the two types of Epithelium cells divided into?

Answer 20

They are called Covering and Lining, They are also referred to as Surface Epithelium and Glandular Epithelium.

Question 21

What is the function of Glandular Epithelium?

Answer 21

This type of Epithelium is used for Secretion.

Question 22

What does a Gland consist of?

Answer 22

This consist of Epithelium that secrets into a duct or into the blood in the absence of Ducts.
All glands of the body are calcified as Endocrine or Exocrine.

Question 23

What are the structural classification of Exocrine glands?

Answer 23

This includes Unicellular and Multicellular.
Examples of Unicellular include goblet cells that secrete directly on the Apical surface.
An example of a multicellular Gland is Sudoriferous (sweat) glands, Sebaceous oil glands and Salivary glands.

Question 24

What are the 3 types of Muscle in the body?

Answer 24

Smooth, cardiac and Skeletal.

Question 25

What is Skeletal muscle made up of and where are they located?

Answer 25

Skeletal muscle is a voluntary tissue and is made of Cylindrical Striated fibers.
It is attached to the bones by tendons and is used for motion, creating heat and protecting internal organs.

Question 26

What is cardiac muscle made of and what is it used for?

Answer 26

It consist of branched Striated fibers and and usually only one centrally located nucleus.
The cells contain gap junctions and Desmosomes to have a very strong bond between cells and efficient in electrical impulses to the heart.
Located in the heart wall and pumps blood to all of the body.

Question 27

What is Smooth muscle made of and what is it used for?

Answer 27

Smooth muscles consist of NON straighted fibers.
They can be located in the iris of the eye, walls of hollow internal organs and blood vessels.
helps move substances in the internal organs.

Question 28

What does Nervous tissue consist of?

Answer 28

There are two principle types of cells in nervous tissue.

The Neurons and Neuralgia.

Question 29

What do Neurons Do?

Answer 29

They create Nerve Action Potential from Stimuli.

Question 30

What do Neurons Consist of?

Answer 30

Most Neurons consist of 3 basic parts, The cell body and the 2 cell components called the Dendrites and Axons.
Dendrites are the input part of the cell and the Axon is the output portion of the Neuron cell.

Question 31

What are the Different types of Connective tissue cells?

Answer 31

This would include Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Plasma Cells, Mast cells, Adipocytes and Leukocytes.

Question 32

What are important features of connective tissue?

Answer 32

They are Things such as supports and strengthens other body tissues, Serves as a transport system (blood), stores nutrients and is the main source of the immune response.

Question 33

What is Fibroblast?

Answer 33

This is a type of connective tissue that has large flat cells with branching processes.
They are present in most connective tissue.

Question 34

What are Macrophages?

Answer 34

They are large cell eaters that develop from monocytes.

Question 35

What are Plasma Cells?

Answer 35

These are most commonly found in connective tissues especially the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory System.

Question 36

What are Mast cells?

Answer 36

These are involved in the inflammatory response, the bodies reaction to injury or infection to bind to or kill bacteria infecting the body.

Question 37

What are Adipocytes?

Answer 37

These are (Fat cells) or connective tissue that stores fats. 
They are found deep in the skin and can be found around the internal organs.

Question 38

What are Leukocytes?

Answer 38

These are not found in significant numbers in normal connective tissue but in response to certain conditions they migrate from the blood to connective tissue.