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Tyrones rebellion Flashcards

1
Q

What were long term problems in anglo-irish relations

A

goverment and traditions of irishry was different than those of England=threatening to English living in Dublin, Tudor monarchs did not rule Ireland eventhough they claimed to do so.

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2
Q

What is Tanistry

A

Organised the inheritene or lands and titles,the most talented male member should inherit the throne, commonly by murder and war (Irish tradition)

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3
Q

How did the tanistry make the English feel

A

Led to fueds,rish were lawless and primitive by nature, so paired with tanistry the English living in Ireland argues the best way to control Ireland was to anglicise it.

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4
Q

What was the signifcance of Henry’s break from Rome on Ireland

A

Ireland remained Catholic, Irish catholic sympathies may lead them to support a Catholic crusade against England.

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5
Q

When did the Irish chieftans agree to recognise Henry as king

A

1541

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6
Q

How did Henry anglicise Ireland

A

Encouraged anglo-irish to surrender land to the crown, Irish nobilities to be tenants-in-chief and given English titles

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7
Q

Who did Mary appoint to solve the problem of ireland being semi independent

A

Eral of Sussex

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8
Q

How did the earl of sussex accelerate tensions

A

fortified the pale and encouraged english settlers to move in around the pale

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9
Q

What is plantation

A

Earl of sussex attempted to civilise the Irish by introducing English customs and practices.

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10
Q

What revolt caused Elizabeth to take a more hardline policy

A

Revolt of the northern earls in 1569

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11
Q

How did Elizabeth anglicise the Irish

A

Goverment tried to establish councils to govern regions of connaught and munster in 1569 and 1571

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12
Q

How did Elizabeth anglicise Irish goverment

A

Irish regions sub-divided into english style counties run under officials e.g sherrifs

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13
Q

What did the policy of more direct intervention do

A

Led to unsuccesful rebellions 1569-83. Brutally hunted down and excecuted a nd their lands used to encourage plantation

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14
Q

What were English plans based upon

A

New world by sir walter raleigh

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15
Q

How many settlers were there by 1592

A

775

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16
Q

What did the arrival of new English settlers do

A

took estates that once belonged to anglo-irish nobles and caused more tensions, they saw the indeginous irish as backwards,protestants,thought it was their god given right to convert the Irish

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17
Q

What was composition

A

1585, increase Englands hold over ireland

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18
Q

How did compositions increase Englands hold over Ireland

A

Irish landlords agreed they would pay yearly rent to the council of connaught 10 shilling for every 5o hectares in return they were to accept English style law.

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19
Q

When did incursions into Ulster start

A

1570s

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20
Q

How did incursions into ulder accelerate tensions

A

English control was limited,they started to settle into Eastern ulster, ON and OD resisted

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21
Q

When were the ON clan invited to a feast by the english

A

1574

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22
Q

How many of the ON clan was massacred at the 1574 feast

A

200

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23
Q

When did the English launch a surprise raid on the OD clan

A

1575

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24
Q

How many were killed in the OD clan during the surprise raid

A

500

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25
Q

What caused temporary peace in 1585

resentment of tyrone and other ulster chieftans

A

Hugh O’neill accepting english title of Earl of tyrone

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26
Q

What did the chieftans of Ulster began to do in 1585

resenment of tyrone and other ulster chieftans

A

agreed to commutation and re-granting of their estates to the English

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27
Q

What caused personal emnity between sir henry bagenal and Tyrone

resentment of tyrone and other ulster chieftans

A

1590 tried to neutralise threat by marrying Henrys daughter but he didnt allow it, Tyrone and Henrys daughter eloped

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28
Q

How was the OD clan under threat

A

Hugh OD kidnapped so his father could obey English rule, 1591 he escapted and began plotting against the english

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29
Q

Why was Hugh maguire resentful of the english

A

resentful about english intrusions into a fermanagh a region he used to govern

30
Q

What made Tyrone hard to stay neutral

A

Hugh OD and hugh maguire were married to Tryones daughters.

31
Q

How did Henry bagenal increase tensions

A

Failed to aknowledge Tyrones help (he kidnapped Hugh maguire)

32
Q

Who else was feeling overlooked like Tyrone

A

Earl of Ormand,most influential anglo-irish nobility, Elizabeths couins, never appointed lord deputy,

33
Q

What increased the resentment of anglo-irish nobles

A

appoitments of office in Ireland dominated by minor english officials that used their position for personal gain

34
Q

When did OD ask for phillip 2 support

A

1593

35
Q

Why couldnt phillip 2 support in 1593

A

busy dealing with netherlands

36
Q

Why was tyrones revolt a serious challenge

A

his army was large and well organised, he used Eng;ish and Spanish captains to train his army and imported weapons

37
Q

In 1595 how much cavalry did tyrone have

A

1000

38
Q

In 1595 how much musketmen did Tyrones army have

A

4000 musketmen

39
Q

What other ulster chieftan support did Tyrone have

A

Two son in laws hugh OD and Hugh maguire

40
Q

How did tyrones rebellion unite the Irish

A

traditional fueds were forgotten and inited against the common enemy

41
Q

How was tyrones army better than the English

A

Had modern weapons like muskets,deserters from the English army joined= experienced fighters,cavalry better trained than English horsemen

42
Q

Where did Tyrones rebellion initially start

A

Connaught 1595

43
Q

Where did tyrones rebellion spread to

A

Leinster and munster in 1598

44
Q

Who were key supporters of Tyrones rebellion

A

Fitzthomas and Florence macarthy

45
Q

By 1596 how many soldiers and cavalry did Tyrone have

A

6k foot soldiers, 1,200 cavalry compared with 5732 English foormen and 617 cavalry.

46
Q

When did Elizabeth send an army

A

1599 lead by the eral of essex

47
Q

What was the role of phillip ii of spain

A

Duty to helo fellow catholics against protestant forces, saw an oppurtunity to destabalise english war effort

48
Q

When did phillip ii agree to send a second armada

A

1596, 100 ships

49
Q

What happened to Phillip ii second armada

A

dispersed by strong winds 32 ships lost rest fled to spain

50
Q

After phillip ii deeah what did phillip iii aim to do

A

Sending a spanish army may encourage eliz to withdraw troops from netherlands, help him establish base where he could invade england

51
Q

Why couldnt phillip iii send troop before 1601

A

never had enough troops to send to ireland

52
Q

What problems occured when Phillip iii send troops

A

some ships became seperated due to a storm, only 3,400 men/6,000 tyrone requested

53
Q

Who actions prevented English firces to be outnumberd by Tyrones

A

Lord deputy mountjoys

54
Q

Why was spanish support a threat more than a reality

A

Spanish kings too busy fighting with the dutch/english, temporary and limited support for the irish

55
Q

When was blackwater fort burned

A

1595 feb

56
Q

What happened at blackwater fort

A

Lord deputy russell outnumbered, troops withdrawn from britanny to help were in poor condition

57
Q

When was enniskillen castle captured

A

may 1595

58
Q

When was the battle of clontibret

A

may 1595

59
Q

What happened at the battle of clontibret

A

Tyrone launched a series of assaults on English troops

60
Q

How many English men were lead by Henry in the clontibret castle

A

1750 men

61
Q

What happened as a result of the battle of clontibret

A

English troops supplies were low, little to defend themselves to return to newry

62
Q

When was henry’s troops attacked by Tyrone a second time

A

27 may 1595 in newry

63
Q

How did Tyrone attack effectively in Newry

A

4k men, well trained musket men on both sides of the road + fired from there.

64
Q

How did Henry lose on the second assault by tyrone

A

ran out of ammunition, 31 dead

65
Q

What did the battle of clontibret show

A

English faced a well organised army that outnumbered them, had knowledge of terrain

66
Q

When was the anglo irish truce

A

march 1596

67
Q

What did the anglo-irsh truce contain

A

Tyrone agreed to pay for damages, the English agreed to remove their garrisons , tyrone take control of ulster and arrest rebels

68
Q

Why did the anglo-irish troop break

A

Phillip ii of spain began negotiating with rebels

69
Q

What did tyrone offer to nephew of phillip ii

A

The crown of ireland

70
Q

What did offering the crown to archduke albert do

A

led to an unsuccessful rebellion but it encouraged good catholics to join the fight

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