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Psychology > U1 Questions > Flashcards

U1 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What musst you be able to do with an emperical study for it to support a theory?

A

One has to be able to replicate it.

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2
Q

What is the TEACUP acronym used for and what does it mean?

A

T - testable
E - evidence
A - applications
C - construct validity
U - unbiased
P - predictive validity

TEACUP is used to evaluate the validity of a psychological theory

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3
Q

What is the WEIRD acronym and what is it used for?

A

W - white
E - educated
I - industrialized
R - rich
D - democratic

The WEIRD acronym is used to evaluate the quality of a sample (is it representative?)

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4
Q

What is the YAVIS acronym used for and what does it stand for?

A

Y - young
A - attractive
V - verbal
I - intelligent
S - social

YAVIS is used to evaluate a studies sample (is it representative?)

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5
Q

What does CARDUD stand for and what is it used for?

A

C - consent
A - anonymity
R - right to withdraw
D - deception
U - under stress or harm
D - debriefing

CARDUD is used to evaluate whether or not a study is ethical and should be performed.

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6
Q

Prejudice is an example of a(n)…
A. Psychological process
B. Behavior
C. Emotion
D. Attitude

A

D. Attitude (a feeling of liking or disliking towards something)

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good theory?
A. Is able to be emperically tested
B. It is reductionist
C. It predicts behavior
D. It’s concepts can be measured

A

B. It is reductionist (reductionist isn’t good or bad but isn’t a requirement for a “good theory”

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8
Q

What’s the name given to data that is based on personal experience?
A. Emperical data
B. Heuristic data
C. Corrolational data
D. Anecdotal data

A

D. Anecdotal data (there is no such thing as heuristic data)

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9
Q

What are pros and cons of self selected sampling?

A

Pro - easy to obtain, sample will be motivated
Con - rarely reflect the more general population

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10
Q

What are the pros and cons of snowball sampling?

A

Pro - can give access to groups that wouldn’t usually participate, saves time, establishes trust
Cons - might not be representative

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11
Q

What are pros and cons of random sampling?

A

Pro - most likely to be representative, unbiased
Con - could be biased if a population is not diverse (can be fixed by using a stratified sample)

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12
Q

Why does sampling bias (in regards to the WEIRD acronym) occur?

A
  1. Most research happens in univeristies
  2. It is easier to use students
  3. It saves money
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13
Q

What is the relationship between a sample and a population?

A

A sample is the participants that are taken from a group (population) to which you generalize the study.

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14
Q

A researcher wants to study men who have been victims of domestic violence. The researcher knows four men from a local emergency shelter. What would most likely be the most efficient way for him to find more participants?

A

Snowball sampling

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15
Q

In order to carry out your internal assessment on problem-solving, you use the pre-IB English class. What kind of sample is this?

A

Opportunity sample

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16
Q

Which of the following is an example of a stratified example?
A. Using an HL and SL English class
B. When half of the participants are randomly allocated to one condition - and the other half to the other
C. A sample that is 30% male and 70% female which is the composition of your highschools population.

A

C.

17
Q

What’s the problem with using WEIRD samples?

A

They are not culturally and socioeconomically representative of the global population.

18
Q

A researcher does an experiment to see how people respond to and elderly person who is asking for help on public transport. I some cases she is dressed very fashionably; in a second condition, she is dressed in a tattered old dress. Which type of experiment is this?

A

A field experiment (performed outside of a lad but controlled to an extent)

19
Q

Which of the following is not a problem with retrospective studies?
A. They may be influenced by misremembering the past
B. Data from the past may not be varified
C. Participants may have a bias about their perception of past events
D. They are highly time-consuming

A

D. They are highly time-consuming

20
Q

What is meant by the statement “There was an inverse corrolational between the amount of time students studied and their scores on the exam?”

A

The more that students studied, the worse they did on the exam.
Inverse -> negative

21
Q

If extraneous variables are not well controlled, this may affect…

A

Internal validity

22
Q

If an experimental situation is too artificial, psychologists say that it lacks…
A. Predictive validity
B. Internal validity
C. Mundane realism
D. External validity

A

C. Mundane realism

23
Q

Which of the following is not essential for a study to be a “true” experiment?
A. Random allocation to conditions
B. Extreneous variables are controlled
C. One or more independent variables are manipulated and measured
D. All ethical considerations are met

A

D. All ethical considerations are met
*all experiments should be approved by an ethics board but this does not validate or invalidate an experiment

24
Q

What is the key difference between a quasi experiment and a true experiment?

A

In a quasi experiment, participants have a trait that determines which condition they are in; in a true experiment, they are randomly allocated.

25
Q

What would a null hypothesis be for a study on the role of exercising for 30min a day on one’s mood?

A

There will be no significant difference on the scores on a test for depressive symptoms among 16-year-old female participants who exercise for 30 minutes and those that don’t.

26
Q

Which of the following is not an advantage of field experiments?
A. They are naturalistic
B. Consent is often not required
C. The studies have high ecological validity
D. They are easily replicated

A

D. They are easily replicated

27
Q

What are pros and cons of repeated measures designs?

A

Pro - participants are only compared to themselves, fewer participants are needed
Con - order effects (counter balancing), the same materials cannot be used for two conditions (memorizing the same words with and without music)

28
Q

Why would a researcher use a matched-pairs design?

A

To control for participant variability within a sample

29
Q

Which of the following is not an order effect?
A. Fatigue
B. Social desirability effect
C. Boredom with the study
D. Practice effect

A

B. Social desirability effect

30
Q

What is the difference between a survey and a questionnaire?

A

Questionair - > any written set of questions (almost like a written interview), collect qualitative data
Survey - > quantitative data, tend to use a Likert scale
DO NOT USE THES INTERCHANGEABLY

Psychology (8 decks)

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