U1 W1 Flashcards
What does matter make up?
Everything.
What are the 5 physical states?
Solid, liquid, gas, plasmas and Bose - Einstein condesates.
What is mass?
The amount of matter.
What is volume?
Amount of space occupied.
What’s state of matter?
Physical state of atoms and molecules.
What can influence state of matter?
Temperature.
Eg. Ice and water.
Explain the John Dalton model 1803.
An atom is a solid invisible sphere.
Explain Rutherford model 1909.
Positive charge in nucleus.
Explain Niels Bohr model 1913.
Different energy levels in an atom.
Explain Louis de Broglie and Erwin Schrödinger model 1926.
Electrons are in clouds that surround the nucleus, and this cloud is less dense the further from the centre.
Who did Rutherford’s experiment challenge?
J.Jj Thomson’s model.
What was the purpose of Rutherford’s experiment?
To observe the effect of positive alpha particles on matter.
What was the conclusion of Rutherford’s experiment?
Although Gold is dense, the atoms are mostly space except for the nucleus.
What was the outcome of Rutherford’s following experiments?
Discovered all 3 subatomic particles (protons, electrons and neutrons), and made the planetary model of an atom.
What are alpha particles?
Fast moving particles, AKA Helium nuclei.
Which direction are the periods on the periodic table?
Down.
Which direction are the groups on a periodic table?
Across/right.
What was it like before the big bang?
Time didn’t exist.
What did the big bang do?
It created the universe, expanding space and taking matter with it. Energy created radiation and subatomic particles.
How long ago was the big bang?
13.8 million years ago.
Name the subatomic particles.
Electrons, protons and neutrons.
Explain the process of creation after the big bang.
300 000 yrs after the temperature dropped making it possible for minute particles to coalesce and build simple atoms (eg. hydrogen and helium). Giant gas clouds formed (nebulae) which condensed and the rise of temperature forced hydrogen in helium (nuclear fusion). This freed energy in the form of light, creating stars. When they die they become unstable and hydrogen escapes, so new internal processes begin and more heavy elements are formed. Gases and matter from these stars are flung into space forming nebulae which in return create new stars.
What is nebulae?
Giant gas clouds.
What’s nuclear fusion?
The rising temperature causing hydrogen to turn into helium.
How are heavy elements formed?
Free energy in the form of light creates stars. When they die they become unstable and hydrogen escapes, so new internal processes begin and more heavy elements are formed. This occurs for subsequent generations.
How do dying stars create new stars?
Gases and matter from old stars are flung into space forming nebulae which in return create new stars.
How was our planet and universe created?
Gravity from stars attracted material, orbiting them. As fragments collided heat was created causing material to fuse and form planets. These planets continue to orbit stars, creating a solar system.
