U2- Changing Economy of the UK Flashcards
Define the primary job sector.
Extraction of raw materials➡️E.g: farming, fishing.
Define the secondary job sector.
Processing of raw materials into finished goods➡️E.g: milk into cheese.
Define the tertiary job sector.
Services➡️E.g: education, retail.
Define the quaternary job sector.
Assembly, processing and transfer of information➡️E.g: IT, biosciences.
How can the secondary job sector be split into categories?
Heavy industry (tied down to a location) or light industry/footloose (not tied down).
What is a country’s employment structure?
The proportion of people in each sector.
How has the UK’s employment structure changed since 1980?
Primary employment has nearly halved, secondary employment has also crashed and tertiary/quaternary employment has increased sharply.
For Canary Wharf in East London, give:
1) Job sector.
2) Average salaries.
3) Examples of jobs.
1) Quaternary.
2) £100,000.
3) Banks, investment companies, law firms, insurance and IT companies.
For Dinnington and South Yorkshire, give:
1) Job sector before 1992.
2) Job sector after 1992.
3) Average salaries.
4) Examples of jobs.
1) Primary.
2) Tertiary.
3) £30,000.
4) Sales, home delivery, business park.
What evidence is there that the North East is the most deprived area in the UK?
- England’s lowest income region➡️Average household income of £26,000.
- High unemployment➡️Over 11% in 2012.
- Poor health➡️Worst indicators in England for deaths from smoking & early deaths.
What evidence is there that the South East is one of the most affluent areas in the UK?
- The UK’s highest spending power➡️Average household income of £35,200.
- Most expensive house and land prices.
- High quality of life➡️People in South East spend the most on healthy foods, live longer and eat out more.
Define household income.
Total income earned by everyone in a household after paying tax.
What is the public sector?
Local and national government organisations such as the NHS.
What is the domino effect, in basic terms?
When one industry collapses, it leads to the collapse of others.
What is the negative multiplier effect?
Businesses close down➡️People lose jobs➡️Less money is spent on shops and services➡️Local economy declines➡️More businesses shut down➡️Derelict land puts off investors➡️No new investment➡️Businesses close down (and so on…)
What is deindustrialisation?
Deindustrialisation refers to the decline in secondary industry and the corresponding growth in tertiary and quaternary industries.
What are the positive impacts of deindustrialisation?
✅More available land for future development.
✅Less water used in industrial processes.
✅Less energy required to operate machines➡️Reduces CO2 emissions.
✅Reduced traffic congestion near factories.
✅Reduced noise and air pollution.
What are the negative impacts of deindustrialisation?
❌Derelict land looks unsightly.
❌Deteriorating infrastructure (e.g: lack of investment in roads).
❌Empty factory buildings (and associated buildings).
❌Manufacturing goods further away leads to greater transport problems and pollution elsewhere.
What is a brownfield site?
A site which has been used for buildings or other development but has been left become derelict.
It will need improving or clearing before it can be used again.
What was/is Fort Dunlop?
- Built in 1916, Fort Dunlop was a tyre storage facility on the outskirts of Birmingham.
- It closed in the 1980s and became one of Birmingham’s major brownfield sites.
- Opened in 2006, Fort Dunlop has become a sustainable 24-hour community including a 100 bed hotel, a business park with office and retail space and places to eat and drink.
