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Urinalysis > UA > Flashcards

UA Flashcards

1
Q

list four major parts of the urinary system

A

ureters
bladder
uretha
kidneys

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2
Q

5 major functions of the kidney

A 
remove waste products 
retention of nutrients 
maintain acid base balance 
maintain h20 and electrolyte balance
hormone synthesis
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3
Q

renal fascio

A

outermost layer of fibrous connective tissue anchors organs to surrounding structures

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4
Q

renal capsule

A

inner most protective layer, keeps infections from surrounding from migrating to the kidney

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5
Q

adipose capsule

A

middle layer consisting of fat tissue that attaches the kidney to the posterior body was , holds kidney in normal position

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6
Q

outer urter wall

A

composed of connective tissue and adipose tissue

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7
Q

middle ureter wall

A

muscular vibes which contract to push urine to the bladder

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8
Q

inner wall

A

secretes mucus to prevent its cells from coming in contact with urine

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9
Q

transitional epi cells

A

line the ureter near the bladder

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10
Q

squamous epi cells

A

line the ureter near its external opening

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11
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron unit

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12
Q

6 parts of the nephron

A 
collecting ducts 
renal pelvis
glomerulus 
Bowmans capsule 
descending loop of Henle 
ascending loop of Henle
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13
Q

3 major processes involved in urine formation

A

adsorption
secretion
filtration

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14
Q

small molecules that are able to pass through the glomerular wall

A

water glucose creatinine urea

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15
Q

readsoprbtion is limited by

A

renal thresholds

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16
Q

chemical preservatives

A 
formalin 
toulene 
phenol
thymol
preservative tablets 
boric acid 
sodium flouride
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17
Q

increased changes that occur in unpreserved urine

A

bacteria
pH
turbidity

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18
Q

decresead changes that occur in unpreserved urine

A 
glucose 
cells
ketones 
bilirubin 
urobilinigen
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19
Q

random

A

best for routine screening

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20
Q

first morning

A

most concentrated specimen and is good for pregnancy testing

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21
Q

2 hour post prandial

A

collected 2 hours after consuming a meal and is used for diabetic monitoring

22
Q

catheterized

A

collected by passing a tube through the uretha into the bladder

23
Q

CCMS

A

collected for suspected UTIs only the middle 30-100mls of the urine void id collected

24
Q

suprapubic

A

collected by inserting the needle directly into the bladder through the lower abdomen

25
Q

diabetes mellitus

A 
glucose remains in the urine 
increased urine output 
increased fluid loss 
dehydration 
high specific gravity
26
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

decreased ADH
increased urine output
low specific gravity

27
Q

oliguria

A

decreased 24 hour volume, usually less than 500 ml/24 hour

28
Q

anuria

A

complete cessation of urine flow

29
Q

nocturia

A

excess urination during the night

30
Q

polyuria

A

increased 24 hr volume, usually above 2000ml/24houe

31
Q

diuresis

A

any increase in urine volume

32
Q

dark yellow/ amber

A

bilirubin or urobilin; urine is very concentrated

33
Q

dark orange

A

urobilin

34
Q

brown “beer brown”

A

bilirubin

35
Q

very pale

A

inability to concentrate urine

36
Q

bright orange

A

pyridium dye

37
Q

pink to dark red

A

RBCs hemoglobin myoglobin porphyrins

38
Q

brown-black

A

RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin, homogenstic acts drugs and melanin

39
Q

clear

A

no visible particulate matter

40
Q

hazy

A

some visible particulate matter but newspaper is not distorted

41
Q

cloudy

A

newsprint can be seen through the urine but letter are distorted or blurry

42
Q

turbid

A

newsprint cannot be seen through the urine

43
Q

amino acid metabolism

A

variable odor, sweaty feet, maple syrup, cabbage hops, mousy rotting fish rancid

44
Q

ketones

A

fruity sweet

45
Q

old sample

A

strong ammonia smell

46
Q

bacterial infection

A

putrid smell

47
Q

urine containing radiographic

A

> 1.035

48
Q

random urine

A

1.001-1.035

49
Q

24 hour urine

A

1.016-1.022

50
Q

urine majority

A

1.015-1.025

51
Q

ph of urine

A

7.4

Urinalysis (1 decks)

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