UA microscopic

Question 1

squamous epithelial cells

Answer 1

look like fried eggs w nucleus off to side, big and flat. usu come from external genitalia so more common to see in F. not considered pathological. so assume did not follow instructions for clean catch mid stream.

Question 2

renal epithelial cells

Answer 2

can see a few, but in higher numbers, consider inflammation which location is higher up in system. think drug toxicity.

Question 3

normal casts

Answer 3

typically hyaline (tamm-horsefall mucoprotein secreted by tubules) - casts take on shape of tubule.
see in low power
not pathologic
what kind of stasis is happening that the protein sits there for a while?

Question 4

if you just see RBC or WBC, where can it come from?

Answer 4

anywhere… without casts you can’t place problem in KD.

Question 5

RBC or WBC

Answer 5

normal to see a few. think F menstruation.

Question 6

WBC are almost always

Answer 6

neutrophils - see multilobular nucei

Question 7

80% of noncomplicated UTIs are due to which bacteria?

*fungal infx usu seen w immunocomp. pts

Answer 7

E. coli

• 2nd most common Klebsiella
• look like rods

Question 8

Crystals - nothing on dip, so use microscope. but dip you can see pH acidic vs alkaline urine crystals.

most common are?

Answer 8

ca oxalate - look like diamonds, envelopes // not patho. may mean metabolically prone to developing or some stasis.

Question 9

4 types of crystals associated w kidney stones

Answer 9

calcium oxalate
cystine
calcium phosphate
triple phosphates

Question 10

artifact

Answer 10

things not from the inside your body

Question 11

large amounts of what kind of cells in the urine are associated w renal dz or drug toxicity?

Answer 11

renal cells and transitional cells

Question 12

Casts form because?

Answer 12

• urinary stasis
• increased urine acidity
• increased solute concentration
• increased proteinuria

Question 13

6 types of crystals associated w pathological conditions

Answer 13

• cholesterol
• cysteine
• leucine
• sulfonamides
• tyrosine
• bilirubin

Question 14

When a UTI is suspected, order a ?

Answer 14

Culture and Sensitivity test

• culture to dx pathogen
• sensitivity to discover which antibiotic therapy to use

Question 15

What are you looking for under the microscope?

Answer 15

rbc, wbc, epithelial cells, cellular casts, crystals, bacteria, yeast, trichomonas, mucus

Question 16

RBC cast

Answer 16

• might have cells that stick to casts like RBCs &laquo_space;pathologic : stasis + something wrong w filter // glomerulonephritis

Question 17

WBC cast

Answer 17

• if WBCs stuck to casts, then probably pyelonephritis (KD organ)

Question 18

granular cast

Answer 18

• granular casts - little dots all over, because breakdown over time - more significant pathology

Question 19

waxy cast

Answer 19

• broad waxy casts: pathological. casts that are cracked and broken down means it’s been there for a long time - waxy&raquo_space; distending tubules