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ucsp walalang Flashcards

1
Q

They are characterized by communal ownership of property and division of labor. Examples of these societies are the earliest clans and tribes

A

Pre-class societies

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2
Q

These were predominantly small, nomadic and leadership is unstable. The people had no specialization of skills; thus, they lived a simple

A

Simple societies

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3
Q

The people survived from day to day through hunting larger animals, collecting shellfish and vegetable gathering

A

Food gathering societies

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4
Q

The people are economically self-sufficient, but their leaders are despotic and powerful

A

Asiatic socities

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5
Q

Two or more simple societies merged to form a new and bigger society.

A

Compound societies

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6
Q

The people planted seeds as a means of production for subsistence.

A

Horticultural societies

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7
Q

These are characterized by private land ownership. The rich
(those who haves) owned big tract of private properties while the poor (those who-have-nots) worked as laborers. Thus, wealth is limited to a few people

A

Pastoral societies

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8
Q

The aristocrats (feudal lords) owned the wealth of the country
due to their ownership of big tracts of lands. The peasants worked on the lands of
the feudal lords with only a few benefits received by them

A

Feudal societies

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9
Q

These are characterized by the following: (a) the existence of
military organization and military rank; (b) individual lives and private possessions
are at the disposal of the State; and (c) individual activities such as recreation, movements, satisfaction of biological needs, and production of goods are totally regulated by the State. In other words, individuals exist to serve the State

A

Militant societies

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10
Q

In the early agricultural societies, people used plow than
hoe in food production.

A

Agricultural societies

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11
Q

These societies existed in societies were two classes of people
appeared. The bourgeoise (property owners) who owned the capital and the means of production and the proletariats (the laborers or workers) who are compelled to work for the capitalists or sell their small properties to the capitalists.

A

Capitalists societies

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12
Q

These societies are characterized by the following:
(a) people elect their representatives to protect their individual initiatives.
(b) freedom of belief,
religion, production of industrial goods exists.
(c) disputes and grievances are settled through peaceful arbitration; and
(d) business organizations

A

Industrial societies

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13
Q

These societies began in the 18th century during the Industrial Revolution and gained momentum by the turn of the 19th century. This period is characterized by using machines as a means of food production.

A

Industrial societies

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14
Q

These societies are characterized by free enterprise where people are free to engage in any lawful business for profit or gain. People had to work on their own livelihood according to what the law mandates

A

Democratic societies

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15
Q

These are characterized by:
(a) spread of computer machines and existence of information and communication.
(b) inventions and discoveries in medicines, agriculture, business whether in physical and natural sciences emerged; and
(c) pollution, diseases, calamities are prevalent because of the use of advanced technology

A

Post-industrial societies

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16
Q

What is the hallmark of these modern societies in Post-Industrial Societies or Information Societies?

A

Information and communication technology

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17
Q

refers to anything that is used to stand for something else. It is anything that gives meaning to the culture. People who share a culture often attach a specific meaning to an object, gesture, sound, or image

A

Symbols

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18
Q

known as the storehouse of culture (Arcinas, 2016). Its system of words and symbols is used to communicate with other people.

A

Language

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19
Q

refers to the application of knowledge and equipment to ease the task of living and maintaining the environment

A

Technology

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20
Q

culturally defined standards for what is good or desirable. Values determine how individuals will probably respond in any given circumstances. Members of the culture use the shared system of values to decide what is good and what is bad.

A

Values

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21
Q

refers to the faith of an individual ( David and Macaraeg, 2010). They are conceptions or ideas of people have about what is true in the environment around them like what is life, how to value it and how one’s belied on the value of life relate with his or her interaction with others and the world.

A

Beliefs

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22
Q

specific rules/standards to guide for appropriate behavior (Arcinas, 2016). These are societal expectations that mandate specific behaviors in specific situations

A

Norms

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23
Q

If violate norms, we look different. Thus, we can be called

A

social deviants

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24
Q

defines and tells us things not to do

A

proscriptive

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25
Q

defines and tells us things to do

A

prescriptive

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26
Q

also known as customs (customary/repetitive ways of doing things); they are forms of norms for everyday behavior that people follow for the sake of tradition or convenience; no punishments; pagkakamay sa pagkain.

A

folkways

27
Q

are strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior; they are based on definitions of right and wrong (Arcinas, 2016). They are norms also but with moral understones

A

Mores

28
Q

controlled ethics, and they are morally agreed, written down and enforced by an official law enforcement agency (

A

Laws

29
Q

consists of tangible things (Banaag, 2012). It refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture

A

material culture

30
Q

consists of intangible things (Banaag, 2012). refers to the nonphysical ideas that people have about their culture, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals, language, organizations, and institutions

A

non-material culture

31
Q
  • Children and adults alike have the tendency to imitate the values, attitudes, language and all other things in their social environment. Some of those things imitated are internalized in their personality and become a part of their attitude, character and other behavioral patterns
A

imitation

32
Q

This may take the form of formal training or
informal teaching. Formally, the person learns from school. Informally, he may acquire those behaviors from listening or watching, reading, attending training activities or through interaction

A

indoctrination or suggestion

33
Q

The values, beliefs, and attitudes of other people are acquired through conditioning. This conditioning can be reinforced through reward and punishment

A

conditioning

34
Q

means that the same culture may take place in two or more different places.

A

parallelism

35
Q

refers to those behavioral patterns that pass back and forth from one culture to another

A

diffusion

36
Q

takes place when two or more cultures are fused or merged into one culture making it different from the original culture

A

convergence

37
Q

takes place when people break away from their original culture and start developing a different culture of their own.
5. Acculturatio

A

fission

38
Q

refers to the process wherein individuals incorporate the behavioral patterns of other cultures into their own either voluntarily or by force.

A

acculturation

39
Q

occurs when the culture of a larger society is adopted by a smaller society,

A

assimilation

40
Q

occurs when the larger society and smaller society are able
to respect and tolerate each other’s culture even if there is already a prolonged contact of each other’s culture

A

accomodation

41
Q

the process of finding a new place or an object, artefact or anything that previously existed

A

discovery

42
Q

implies a creative mental process of devising, creating and producing something new, novel or original

A

invention

43
Q

the spread of cultural traits or social practices from a society or
group to another belonging to the same society or to another through direct
contact with each other and exposure to new forms.

A

diffusion

44
Q

cultural borrowing and cultural imitation

A

acculturation

45
Q

the blending or fusion of two distinct cultures through long periods of interaction

A

assimilation

46
Q

the biological or hereditary fusion of members of different societies

A

amalgamation

47
Q

the deliberate infusion of a new culture to another

A

enculturation

48
Q

refers to the political, social, and political policy of establishing a colony which would be subject to the rule or governance of the colonizing state.

A

colonization

49
Q

movements aim to change the whole social order and replace the leadership

A

rebellion and revolutionary

50
Q

a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ, and each culture defines reality differently. This happens when judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture

A

ethnocentrism

51
Q

the opposite of ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s culture is inferior compared to others.

A

xenocentrism

52
Q

an attempt to judge behavior according to its cultural
context (Baleña, et.al,2016). It is a principle that an individual person’s beliefs and
activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.
This concept emphasizes the perspective that no culture is superior to any other
culture

A

cultural relativism

53
Q

refers to the differentiation of culture all over the world which means there is no right or wrong culture but there is appropriate culture for the need of a specific group of people.

A

cultural diversity

54
Q

refers to a smaller group within a larger culture.

A

subculture

55
Q

refers to cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society

A

counterculture

56
Q

experienced when some parts of the society do not change as fast as with other parts, and they are left behind

A

culture lag

57
Q

is the inability to read meaning in one’s surroundings, feeling
of loss and isolation, unsure to act because of being outside the symbolic web of culture that binds others.

A

culture shock

58
Q

refers to the social patterns mandated by cultural values and norms

A

ideal culture

59
Q

refers to the actual patterns that only approximate cultural expectations.

A

real culture

60
Q

refers to the rich diversity in social patterns that different
human group exhibit around the world.

A

cultural variation

61
Q

are patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

A

cultural universals

62
Q

is a culture practiced and patronized by the upper classes of the society.
Example: watching opera, classical music and live theater

A

high culture

63
Q

is a culture practiced or patronized by the middle and working
classes of the society.

A

popular culture

64
Q

is observed when new opens up new ways of living and when new ideas enter a culture as a result of globalization.

A

cultural change

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