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Foundations > UE ROM and MMT > Flashcards

UE ROM and MMT Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder Flexion ROM normal ranges

A

180
GH-120
AC, SC, ST - 60

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2
Q

shoulder flexion ROM pt position

A

supine with arms to sides, palm facing trunk

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3
Q

shoulder flexion ROM lines of reference

A

stationary arm: midline of torso
axis: lateral aspect of acromion process
moving arm: lateral midline of humerus from acromion process to lateral epicondyle

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4
Q

shoulder flexion ROM normal end feel

A

firm (tension from posterior joint capsule)

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5
Q

shoulder extension ROM normal ranges

A

60
GH - 25

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6
Q

shoulder extension ROM pt position

A

prone, arms at side and palms facing trunk

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7
Q

shoulder extension ROM lines of references

A

stationary arm: midline of torso
axis: lateral aspect of acromion process
moving arm: lateral midline of the humerus toward the lateral humeral epicondyle

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8
Q

shoulder extension ROM normal end feel

A

firm (tension anterior joint capsule and coracohumeral ligament)

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9
Q

shoulder abduction ROM normal ranges

A

180
GH - 125
SC, AC, ST - 55

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10
Q

shoulder abduction ROM pt position

A

supine with palms at side facing up

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11
Q

shoulder abduction ROM lines of references

A

stationary arm: parallel to the sternum
axis: anterior aspect of acromion process
moving arm: anterior midline of humerus toward the humeral medial epicondyle

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12
Q

shoulder abduction ROM end feel

A

firm (tension of inferior joint capsule, GH ligaments, teres major and pec major)

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13
Q

shoulder adduction ROM normal range

A

don’t measure as it is a full return to 0 from abduction

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14
Q

shoulder adduction ROM pt position

A

supine, arm at side palm face up

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15
Q

shoulder adduction ROM lines of reference

A

stationary arm: parallel to sternum
axis: anterior aspect of acromion process
moving arm: anterior midline of humerus toward medial humeral epicondyle

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16
Q

shoulder external rotation ROM normal ranges

A

90

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17
Q

shoulder external rotation ROM pt position

A

supine, shoulder 90 degrees of flexion, elbow 90 degrees of flexion; places towel under distal humerus; forearm pronated

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18
Q

shoulder external rotation ROM lines of reference

A

stationary arm: perpendicular to the floor
axis: olecranon
moving arm: lateral midline of the ulna from the olecranon to the ulnar styloid process

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19
Q

shoulder external rotation ROM end feel

A

firm (tension at the anterior joint capsule)

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20
Q

shoulder internal rotation ROM normal ranges

A

70

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21
Q

shoulder internal rotation ROM pt position

A

supine, shoulder and elbow flexed to 90 degrees; forearm pronated; towel under the distal humerus

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22
Q

shoulder internal rotation ROM lines of references

A

stationary arm: perpendicular to the floor
axis: olecranon
moving arm: lateral midline of the ulnar toward the ulnar styloid process

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23
Q

shoulder internal rotation ROM end feel

A

firm (tension at the posterior joint capsule)

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24
Q

combined motion: behind the back

A

shoulder extension, internal rotation, adduction

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25
Q

combined motion: behind the head

A

shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation

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26
Q

combined motion: cross body reach

A

shoulder horizontal adduction and flexion

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27
Q

elbow flexion ROM normal ranges

A

140-150

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28
Q

elbow flexion ROM pt position

A

supine, arms to side and palm facing up; place a towel under the distal humerus to allows for full elbow extension

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29
Q

elbow flexion ROM lines of reference

A

stationary arm: lateral midline of the humerus
axis: lateral humeral epicondyle
moving arm: lateral midline of radius toward the radial styloid process

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30
Q

elbow flexion ROM normal end feels

A

soft tissue approximation

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31
Q

elbow extension ROM normal ranges

A

0

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32
Q

elbow extension ROM pt position

A

supine; arms at side and supinated; towel at the distal end of the humerus to allow for full elbow extension

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33
Q

elbow extension ROM lines of references

A

stationary arm: lateral midline of the humerus
axis: lateral humeral epicondyle
moving arm: lateral midline of the radius toward the radial styloid process

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34
Q

elbow extension ROM normal end feels

A

hard (bony contact between the olecranon process and the olecranon fossa)

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35
Q

forearm pronation ROM normal ranges

A

75-80

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36
Q

forearm pronation ROM pt position

A

sitting; elbow flexed to 90; forearm supported by the table
- initial position: forearm in slight supination

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37
Q

forearm pronation ROM lines of references

A

stationary arm: parallel to anterior midline of humerus
axis: lateral to the ulnar styloid process
moving arm: dorsal forearm proximal to the styloid processes of the ulna and radius

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38
Q

forearm pronation ROM normal end feels

A

hard (contact between ulna and radius)

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39
Q

forearm supination ROM normal ranges

A

80

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40
Q

forearm supination ROM pt position

A

sitting; forearm supported by table, elbow flexed to 90 degrees; forearm in slight pronation

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41
Q

forearm supination ROM lines of references

A

stationary arm: anterior midline of the humerus
axis: medial to the ulnar styloid process
moving arm: palmar surface of the forearm proximal to the ulnar and radial styloid processes

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42
Q

wrist flexion ROM normal ranges

A

60-80

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43
Q

wrist flexion ROM pt position

A

sitting; forearm supported by the table and pronated

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44
Q

wrist flexion ROM lines of references

A

stationary arm: lateral midline of the ulna
axis: lateral aspect of the wrist, triquetrum
moving arm: in line with the 5th metacarpal

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45
Q

wrist flexion ROM end feel

A

firm

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46
Q

wrist extension ROM normal ranges

A

60-70

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47
Q

wrist extension ROM pt position

A

sitting; forearm pronated supported by the table

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48
Q

wrist extension ROM lines of references

A

stationary arm: lateral midline of the ulna
axis: lateral aspect of the wrist
moving arm: in line with the 5th metacarpal

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49
Q

wrist extension ROM normal end feel

A

firm

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50
Q

radial deviation ROM pt position

A

sitting with arm and hand supported by the table; elbow flexed; thumb moves toward oneself

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50
Q

radial deviation ROM normal ranges

A

20

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51
Q

radial deviation ROM lines of reference

A

stationary arm: dorsal midline of the forearm
axis: capitate
moving arm: in line with 3rd metacarpal

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52
Q

radial deviation ROM end feel

A

hard (contact between the radial styloid process and the scaphoid and trapezium)

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53
Q

ulnar deviation ROM normal range

A

30

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54
Q

ulnar deviation ROM pt position

A

sitting; arm and hand supported by table; hand fully pronated; thumb moves away from the body; elbow flexed

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55
Q

ulnar deviation ROM lines of reference

A

stationary arm: dorsal midline of the forearm
axis: capitate
moving arm: in line with 3rd metacarpal

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56
Q

ulnar deviation ROM normal end feel

A

firm (tension of ligaments)

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57
Q

shoulder flexion MMT muscles

A

anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, pec major (clavicular head)

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58
Q

shoulder flexion MMT against gravity position (5/4/3)

A

seated with forearm pronated
raises arm up to shoulder height (90 degrees)

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59
Q

shoulder flexion MMT against gravity PT handling (5/4/3)

A
  • resistance applied at distal forearm above the elbow
  • stabilize shoulder with other hand
    grade 3: full ROM to 90 degrees w/o resistance
    grade 4: moderate resistance
    grade 5: maximum resistance
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60
Q

shoulder flexion MMT gravity reduced (2/1/0) pt position

A

side lying
grade 2: completes full ROM w/o weight of arm

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61
Q

shoulder flexion MMT gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

PT stands behind pt and cradles test arm
“try to raise your arm up in front of you”

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62
Q

shoulder flexion MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

superior and anterior surfaces of the deltoid
grade 1: palpable contraction at the deltoid
grade 0: no palpable contraction

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63
Q

shoulder flexion MMT substitutions

A
  • activation of upper traps (shoulder elevation)
  • pt may lean backwards
  • external rotation of the shoulder
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64
Q

shoulder extension MMT against gravity pt position (5/4/3/2/1/0)

A

prone with arms at sides and palms up

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65
Q

shoulder extension MMT against gravity PT handling (5/4/3/2)

A

stands at test side
“lift your arm up to the ceiling. keep your elbow straight”
resistance is applied to the posterior arm just above the elbow; arm is near end range
grade
grade 5: full ROM against maximum resistance
grade 4: full ROM against moderate resistance
grade 3: full ROM w/o resistance
grade 2: partial ROM

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66
Q

shoulder extension MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

posterior deltoid

67
Q

shoulder extension MMT muscles

A

posterior deltoid, lats, teres major

68
Q

shoulder abduction MMT muscles

A

middle deltoid, supraspinatus, long head of biceps

69
Q

shoulder abduction MMT against gravity position (5/4/3)

A

short sitting with arms at side;arm can be straight or bent, bent to reduce neural tension

70
Q

shoulder abduction MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A
  • stands at test side
  • “lift your arm up to your side to shoulder height”
  • resistance applied just above elbow in a downward direction
    grade 5: full ROM to 90 with maximal resistance
    grade 4: full ROM to 90 with moderate resistance
    grade 3: completes full ROM to 90 degrees w/o resistance
71
Q

shoulder abduction MMT gravity reduced (2/1/0) gravity reduced position

A

supine with arm at side palm down

72
Q

shoulder abduction MMT gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

-PT supports their arm if table is not large enough
- pt abducts shoulder
grade 2: completes full ROM w/o weight of arm

73
Q

shoulder abduction MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

pt position: supine
palpation: lateral surface of deltoid
grade 1: palpable contraction
grade 0: no palpable contraction

74
Q

shoulder abduction MMT substitutions

A

biceps brachii: shoulder will externally rotate and the elbow will flex
to avoid: begin the test with slight elbow flexion

75
Q

shoulder horizontal abduction MMT muscles

A

posterior deltoid, middle deltoid

76
Q

shoulder horizontal abduction MMT against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

prone; shoulder and elbow flexed to 90 off the table

77
Q

shoulder horizontal abduction MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A
  • stand at test side
    “lift arm up toward the ceiling”
  • resistance applied over posterior arm just above the elbow with either elbow flexed to straight
    grade 5: max resistance with long lever arm
    grade 4: moderate resistance or short lever arm
    grade 3: full ROM with either elbow straight or flexed
78
Q

shoulder horizontal abduction MMT gravity reduced (2/1/0) pt position

A

short sitting with arm supported on table or PT in 90 degrees of abduction; arm is out front and elbow slightly bent

79
Q

shoulder horizontal abduction MMT gravity reduced (2/1/0)

A

grade 2: able to slide arm backward full ROM
grade 1: not able to move arm; palpable contraction at posterior deltoid
grade 0: no palpable contraction

80
Q

shoulder horizontal abduction MMT substitutions

A

triceps brachii (long head)
to avoid: maintain elbow in flexion

81
Q

shoulder horizontal adduction MMT muscles

A

pec major (clavicular and sternal heads)

82
Q

shoulder horizontal adduction MMT against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

supine
whole muscle: shoulder and elbow flexed to 90
clavicular head: shoulder abducted 60 degrees and elbow flexed to 90
sternocostal head: shoulder abducted to 120 degrees and elbow flexed to 90

83
Q

shoulder horizontal adduction MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

stabilize at shoulder (upper trap)
whole muscle: resistance applied at distal forearm away from the trunk
clavicular head: resistance down and out
sternocostal head: resistance up and out

84
Q

shoulder horizontal adduction MMT gravity reduced (2)

A

seated with test arm supported on table or by PT with arm in 90 degrees of abduction
start with arm bent and pt extends their arm out in front of them
grade 2: full ROM with arm supported by the table or PT

85
Q

shoulder horizontal adduction MMT gravity reduced (1/0)

A

pt will be seated with their arm supported by the table
palpate at the pec major medial to the shoulder joint
grade 1: palpable contraction
grade 0: no palpable contraction

86
Q

shoulder external rotation MMT muscles

A

infraspinatus and teres minor

87
Q

shoulder external rotation MMT against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

seated with arm at side and elbow flexed to 90
alternate position: prone with shoulder abducted and arm hanging off table

88
Q

shoulder external rotation against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

stand at side
“move your forearm away from your stomach”
resistance is applied to the dorsal side of the forearm near the wrist
other hand stabilizes the medial aspect of the elbow
grade 5: maximum resistance
grade 4: moderate resistance
grade 3: full available ROM

89
Q

shoulder external rotation MMT gravity reduced (2) pt position

A

sitting with arm at side and elbow flexed to 90 or rests arm on table
grade 2: completes full available ROM with support from PT or table

90
Q

shoulder external rotation gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

arm will be supported by PT or table
tendon of infraspinatus below the spine of the scapula

91
Q

shoulder internal rotation MMT muscles

A

supscapularis, teres major, pec major, lats

92
Q

shoulder internal rotation MMT against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

seated with arm at side and elbow flexed to 90 degrees;alternate position: prone with shoulder at 90 degrees and arm hanging off table

93
Q

shoulder internal rotation MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

stands at side of pt
“pull your arm toward your stomach”
resistance applied at the palmar surface of the wrist
stabilize at the outside of the elbow

94
Q

shoulder internal rotation gravity reduced (2) pt position

A

seated with arm at side and elbow flexed to 90 arm supported by the PT or table

95
Q

shoulder internal rotation MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

stabilize the forearm with one arm
palpate for the subscapularis

96
Q

scapular abduction and upward rotation MMT muscles

A

serratus anterior and pec minor

97
Q

scapular abduction and upward rotation MMT against gravity position (5/4/3)

A

short sitting with shoulder flexed to about 130 degrees; shoulder will protract

98
Q

scapular abduction and upward rotation MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

resistance is applied at the distal humerus
other hand stabilizes the trunk just below the scapula (prevents trunk rotation)
grade 5: scap maintains it abducted and upwardly rotated position against max resistance
grade 4: scap adducts and downwardly rotates
grade 3: scapula smoothly abducts and upwardly rotates w/o winging and w/o resistance

99
Q

scapular abduction and upward rotation MMT (2/1/0) pt position

A

short sitting with shoulder flexed to around 130 degrees

100
Q

shoulder abduction and upward rotation MMT (2) PT handling

A

places their arm in 130 degrees of shoulder flexion then lets go
other hand is placed at the inferior angle of the scapula
grade 2: scap adducts and downwardly rotates or does not smoothly abduct and upwardly rotate - weakness in the serratus anterior

101
Q

scapular abduction and upward rotation MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A
  • one hand supports the arm
  • other hand palpates the serratus with tips of fingers (in front of inferior angle and along lateral border)
102
Q

scapular elevation MMT muscles

A

upper traps, levator scap

103
Q

scapular elevation MMT against gravity position (5/4/3)

A

short sitting with hands in lap

104
Q

shoulder elevation MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

“shrug your shoulders”
resistance over the top of the shoulders in a downward direction
grade 5: shrug shoulders with max resistance
grade 4: moderate resistance
grade 3: full available ROM

105
Q

scapular elevation MMT gravity reduced (2/1/0) position

A

prone

106
Q

shoulder elevation gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

PT cradles anterior side of shoulder
“shrug your shoulder”
grade 2: full ROM w/o the weight of the arm

107
Q

scapular elevation gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

upper trap near its insertion above the clavicle
grade 1: upper trap palpated
grade 0: no palpable contraction

108
Q

scapular adduction (retraction) MMT muscles

A

middle trap and rhomboid major

109
Q

scapular adduction (retraction) MMT against gravity (5/4/3) position

A

prone; shoulder abducted to 90 and arm hanging off table

110
Q

scapular adduction (retraction) MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

“lift your elbow to the ceiling”
resistance applied to distal humerus
stabilize contralateral scapular area to prevent trunk rotation
grade 5: max resistance
grade 4: moderate resistance
grade 3: full available ROM

111
Q

scapular adduction (retraction) MMT gravity reduced (2) pt position

A
  • prone with shoulder abducted to 90 and arm hanging off table
112
Q

scapular adduction (retraction) MMT gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

cradle the pt’s arm with one hand
grade 2: completes ROM w/o the weight of the arm

113
Q

scapular adduction (retraction) gravity reduced (1/) palpation

A

middle trap: above the spine of the scapula from the acromion process to the spine
rhomboid major: between the medial border and the spine

114
Q

scapular depression and adduction MMT muscles

A

lower and middle traps

115
Q

scapular depression and adduction MMT against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

prone with arm abducted and elevated to about 145 degrees; thumb pointing toward the ceiling

116
Q

scapular depression and adduction MMT (5/4/3) PT handling

A

resistance is applied at distal forearm just above the wrist downward toward the floor
grade 5: strong resistance over forearm
grade 4: strong resistance against distal humerus; light resistance over forearm
grade 3: full available ROM

117
Q

scapular depression and adduction MMT gravity reduced (2) position

A

prone with arm abducted and elevated to 145 degrees; thumb pointing toward the ceiling

118
Q

scapular depression and adduction MMT gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

supports the pt’s arm under the elbow
pt attempts to lift the arm up
grade 2: full ROM w/o weight of arm

119
Q

scapular depression and adduction MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

palpation below the spine of the scapula across the thoracic vertebrae

120
Q

scapular adduction and downward rotation MMT muscles

A

rhomboids

121
Q

scapular adduction and downward rotation MMT against gravity (5/4/3) position

A

prone with back of hand on low of back

122
Q

scapular adduction and downward rotation MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

resistance down and out at distal humerus
grade 5: max resistance
grade 4: moderate resistance
grade 3: full available ROM

123
Q

scapular depression and adduction MMT gravity reduced (2) pt position

A

prone; shoulder elevated and abducted to 145 degrees; PT supporting the arm at the elbow

124
Q

scapular adduction and downward rotation MMT gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

none
“try to move your hand away from your back”
grade 2: full available ROM

125
Q

scapular adduction and downward rotation MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

palpate under the vertebral border
rhomboids should pop out from under the scapula
grade 1: palpable contraction

126
Q

shoulder adduction and extension MMT muscles

A

lats

127
Q

shoulder adduction and extension MMT all grades pt position

A

prone with arms to sides and palms up

128
Q

shoulder adduction and extension MMT all grades PT handling

A

“lift your arm up keeping your arm close to your body”
resistance applied at medial forearm outwards and down
grade 5: max resistance
grade 4: moderate resistance
grade 3: full ROM
grade 2: can’t complete full ROM
grade 1: palpable contraction
grade 0: no contraction

129
Q

shoulder adduction and extension MTT palpation

A

belly of lats

130
Q

elbow flexion MMT muscles

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

131
Q

elbow flexion MMT against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

seated
biceps brachii: supinated
brachioradialis: thumb up
brachialis: pronated

132
Q

elbow flexion MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

stand in front of pt
“bend your elbow”
resistance applied at distal forearm or proximal wrist
other hand is placed under the elbow
grade 5: max resistance
grade 4: moderate resistance
grade 3: full available ROM

133
Q

elbow flexion MMT gravity reduced (2) pt position

A

side lying with arm bent; or short sitting with arm supported by PT
biceps brachii: supinated
brachioradialis: thumb up
brachialis: pronated

134
Q

elbow flexion MMT gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

behind pt
supports arm as pt bends into elbow flexion
grade 2: full ROM

135
Q

elbow flexion MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

biceps brachii: antecubital space
brachialis: medial distal arm
brachioradialis: lateral surface of the neutrally positioned forearm

136
Q

elbow extension MMT muscles

A

triceps

137
Q

elbow extension MMT against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

prone; shoulder abducted to 90 and forearm hanging off table

138
Q

elbow extension MMT (5/4/3) PT handling

A

support just above the elbow
resistance is applied on the distal surface of the extended forearm
* make sure elbow is not locked
grade 5: max resistance
grade 4: moderate resistance
grade 3: full available ROM

139
Q

elbow extension MMT gravity reduced (2) pt position

A

short sitting with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed; arm should be parallel to the floor

140
Q

elbow extension gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

support the limb at the elbow
support the wrist as the pt extends their arm
grade 2: full available ROM

141
Q

elbow extension gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

triceps tendon
PT supports arm

142
Q

elbow extension substitutions

A

shoulder external rotation
avoid: use a tale to support the arm
horizontal adduction
avoid: support at the elbow rather than the wrist

143
Q

forearm supination MMT muscles

A

supinator and biceps brachii

144
Q

forearm supination MMT all grades pt position

A

seated at table with elbow supported, elbow flexed and forearm pronated

145
Q

forearm supination MMTall grades PT handling

A

“turn your palm up”
resistance is applied with the heel of the therapist’s hand on the extensor surface of the wrist
grade 5: max resistance
grade 4: moderate
grade 3: full ROM
grade 2: only partial ROM

146
Q

forearm supination MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

supinator distal to the head of the radius on the dorsal aspect of the forearm

147
Q

forearm supination substitutions

A

external rotation and adduction of the arm across the body

148
Q

forearm pronation MMT muscles

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

149
Q

forearm pronation MMT all grades pt position

A

seated at table with elbow supported, elbow flexed and forearm supinated

150
Q

forearm pronation MMT PT handling

A

“turn your pal toward the floor”
resistance applied over radius on flexor surface of the wrist
grade 5: max resistance
grade 4: moderate resistance
grade 3: full available ROM
grade 2: partial ROM

151
Q

forearm pronation MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

pronator teres: upper third of the flexor surface of the forearm

152
Q

forearm pronation substitutions

A

internally rotate or abduct the arm

153
Q

wrist flexion MMT muscles

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis

154
Q

wrist flexion against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

seated with arm supported by table and supinated; wrist in neutral or slightly extended

155
Q

wrist flexion MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

in front of pt
“bend your wrist”
resistance applied on the palmar surface of the hand
both flexors: palm
flexor carpi radialis: radial deviation and slight extension; resistance applied down and in
flexor carpi ulnaris: ulnar deviation and slight extension; resistance applied down and out
grade 5: max
grade 4: mod
grade 3: full ROM in specified direction

156
Q

wrist flexion MMT gravity reduced (2) pt position

A

arm supported by table; thumb pointing toward ceiling

157
Q

wrist flexion MMT gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

“bend your wrist”
grade 2: full ROM with wrist in neutral

158
Q

wrist flexion MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

flexor carpi radialis: lateral palmar aspect of wrist
flexor carpi ulnaris: medial plamar aspect of wrist (base of 5th metacarpal)

159
Q

wrist extension MMT muscles

A

extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor capri radialis longus and brevis

160
Q

wrist extension MMT against gravity (5/4/3) pt position

A

seated with arm at side and supported by table; hand pronated and elbow flexed

161
Q

wrist extension MMT against gravity (5/4/3) PT handling

A

sit in front of pt
“bring your knuckles up to the ceiling”
resistance applied at the dorsal surface of the metacarpals forward and downward direction
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis: down and out
extensor carpi ulnaris: down and in
grade 5: max
grade 4: mod
grade 3: full ROM

162
Q

wrist extension MMT gravity reduced (2) pt position

A

seated arm supported on table; wrist in neutral position

163
Q

wrist extension MMT gravity reduced (2) PT handling

A

“bring your wrist back”

164
Q

wrist extension MMT gravity reduced (1/0) pt position

A

hand and forearm supported on table; wrist pronated

165
Q

wrist extension MMT gravity reduced (1/0) palpation

A

“bend your wrist back”
extensor carpi radialis brevis: dorsum of the wrist in line with 3rd metacarpal
extensor carpi radialis longus: dorsal surface of wrist in line with 2nd metacarpal
extensor capri ulnaris: dorsal wrist proximal to 5th metacarpal

166
Q

wrist extension substitutions

A

finger extensor
avoid: tell pt to relax their fingers

Foundations (16 decks)

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