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Cultural Anthropology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Four subfields of anthropology

A

biological anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology

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2
Q

biological anthropology

A

study of humans biologically, how they have evolved and adapted to environment

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3
Q

archaeology

A

investigation of human past by excavating and analyzing artifacts

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4
Q

linguistic anthropology

A

study of human language in past and present

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5
Q

cultural anthropology

A

study of peoples communities, beliefs, behaviors, and institutions as they live work and play together

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6
Q

anthropology

A

study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and application of that knowledge to help people understand each other

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7
Q

why rely on the four field approach?

A

they represent a holistic approach for examining human origins and human culture, past and present

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8
Q

holism (holistic)

A

anthropology’s commitment to look at the whole picture of human life

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9
Q

emic

A

describing a culture from an insider’s point of view, make foreign familiar

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10
Q

etic

A

describing a culture from an outsiders point of view, strives to be culturally neutral, a tool for comparison

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11
Q

hegemony

A

material power exerted through coercion or brute force, ability to create consent within a population

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12
Q

agency

A

power of an individual or group to contest, resistance of a dominant group, visible in public

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13
Q

Example of agency being expressed

A

protesting for women’s to choose(abortion), black lives matter movement

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14
Q

ethnocentrism

A

looking at a culture through your own cultural lense

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15
Q

cultural relativism

A

look at a culture through a “native’s” lense

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16
Q

how is it dangerous to be too ethnocentric?

A

can be judgemental

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17
Q

how is it dangerous too be too culturally relativistic?

A

encourages tolerance

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18
Q

effects of globalization on the natural world

A

diminishing biodiversity, destructive land use, extinctions, climate change, anthropocene

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19
Q

anthropocene

A

humans are leaving a permanent bio-stratographical signal on the earth

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20
Q

who are the Nacerima?

A

americans from an outsider’s perspective, making the familiar foreign

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21
Q

key dynamics of globalization

A

time-space compression, flexible accumulation, increasing migration, uneven development

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22
Q

time space compression

A

perceptions of distance and time have changed

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23
Q

flexible accumulation

A

ability to accumulate wealth with global market access, communication, transport, internet, offshoring, outsourcing

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24
Q

increased migration

A

accelerated movement of people

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25
Q

uneven development

A

unequal distribution of resources, economic winners and losers

26
Q

how is an ethnology comparative?

A

ethnology studies multiple culture’s beliefs, communities, and compares them to one another

27
Q

norms

A

group ideas or rules about what behavior is appropriate in a specific situation

28
Q

values

A

learned, powerful beliefs, can be changed

29
Q

symbols

A

something that stands for something else

30
Q

mental map of reality

A

shaped by enculturation, assigns meaning to sensory data and what has been classified

31
Q

epigenics

A

study in the field of genetics exploring how environmental factors directly affect the expression of genes that are inherited

32
Q

how do we know culture can overcome our biology?

A

we are born with the ability to learn any culture we might be born in or move in to, ability to learn any set of beliefs, practices, languages

33
Q

environmental tensions that globalization creates

A

extinctions, diminishing biodiversity, destructive land use, climate change

34
Q

social tensions created by globalization

A

homogenization(creation of global same type culture, fueled by Western ideas)

35
Q

economic tensions from globalization

A

unequal distribution of wealth and resources, economic winners and losers

36
Q

how is culture shared, yet contested?

A

shared experience as a result of living in a group, constantly changing culture, arenas for debate challenging core cultural beliefs and behaviors

37
Q

significance of symbolic language

A

enables humans to communicate abstract ideas through symbols of written and spoken words, as well as unspoken sounds and gestures

38
Q

identify four anthropological field methods

A

immersion, qualitative(interviews) and quantitative(number survey) data, time(1-3 years min), language(learn it), field notes, interviews, participant observation

39
Q

how ethnographic fieldwork is a science

A

because gathering data, testing hypotheses, building theories about how human societies work

40
Q

how ethnographic fieldwork is an art

A

depends on anthropologists abilities to negotiate interactions, develop relationships, behavior pattern study, conscious of ones own biases

41
Q

cultural diffusion

A

behaviors that spread from outside a culture that are accepted as is, modified, or rejected

42
Q

innovation

A

cultural behaviors created from within a culture

43
Q

polyvocality role in fieldwork

A

uses many different voices in writing and research, allowing to hear more directly from various people in the study

44
Q

reflexivity

A

self examination of the role the anthropologist plays and awareness that ones identity affects fieldwork and theoretical analysis

45
Q

theory

A

hypothesis assumed for sake of argument, belief policy or procedure, plausible body of principles

46
Q

thick description

A

research strategy that combines detailed description of cultural activity with analysis of the layers of deep cultural meaning of those activities

47
Q

what does Geertz’ thick description offer anthropologists?

A

cockfight represents generations of competition among village families for prestige, power, resources. symbolizes negotiation of family standing within a group

48
Q

work of Boas

A

conducted studies on immigrants and wide variety of physical forms within the same groups, and how they adapted to new environmental conditions (historical particularism)

49
Q

historical particularism

A

Boas, cultures develop in specific ways because of their unique histories

50
Q

Malinowski

A

proposed immersion, learning language, participant observation, analyzed the Kula ring (trade ring)

51
Q

Evans-Pritchard

A

documents political and social structure in Sudanese tribe, but his study was a British man studying in Sudan which was under British occupation at the time

52
Q

Weiner

A

focused on same study that Malinowski did, but from women’s POV and their significant role in society

53
Q

Scheper-Hughes

A

studied tribe in Brazil where children died often, little mourning over death of young ones because of how common it was

54
Q

stratification

A

uneven distribution of resources and privileges among participants in a group or culture

55
Q

culture shock

A

feeling of discomfort associated with being in an unfamiliar culture

56
Q

enculturation

A

how culture is acquired, it is learned

57
Q

armchair anthropology

A

worked at home in their armchairs while analyzing the work of others

58
Q

unilinear cultural evolution

A

theory that all cultures naturally evolve through the same sequence of stages from simple to complex

59
Q

4 major events in human evolution

A

bipedalism, tool construction, modern body form, symbolic or abstract thought

60
Q

chronology of human evolution

A

ardipithecus, australopithecus, homo habilis, homo ergaster, homo erectus, homo heidelbergensis, homo sapiens neanderthal, homo sapiens sapiens

Cultural Anthropology (2 decks)

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