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CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell envelope structure consists of?

A

CAPSULE
SLIME LAYER
CELL MEMBRANE
CELL WALL

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2
Q

it a rigid structure. it maintain cell shape, prevent cell from bursting due high internal osmosis pressure, prevents mechanical disruption

A

Cell Wall

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3
Q

Its also as Plasma Membrane. Its act as an osmotic barrier, location of electron transport chain

A

Cell Membrane

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4
Q

It made of high molecular weight polysaccharide polymers (carbohydrates)

A

Capsules

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5
Q

It stabilizes the cell

A

Slime Layer

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6
Q

What is the only Prokaryotic bacteria contain sterols

A

Mycoplasmataceae

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7
Q

Bacteria does not have cell wall

A

Mycoplasma spp.

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8
Q

It is the study of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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9
Q

Is the biological consequence of natural selection operating on a vast array of genetically diverse organisms

A

Evolution

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10
Q

What are the Hierarchical classification system

A

I. Domain
II. Kingdom
III. Phylum
IV. Class
V. Order
VI. Family
VII. Genus
VIII. Species

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11
Q

Is a naming of microorganisms according to established rule and guidelines set forth by the _________

A

International Code of Bacteria Nomenclature or the Bacteriological Code

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12
Q

What are the Characteristic that is absent in all Prokaryotes but present in Eukaryotes

A

Membrane-bound organelles
Golgi bodies
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplasts

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13
Q

Where is the electron transport for energy of Prokaryote

A

Cell Membrane

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14
Q

Are unicellular organisms that lack a nuclear membrane and a true nucleus

A

Bacteria

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15
Q

Most common/ major way of classifying bacteria in diagnostic microbiology is

A

Gram Staining

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16
Q

Eukaryotic plasma membrane contains

A

phospholipids, proteins and sterols

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17
Q

What are the types of cell wall

A

Gram positive cell wall
Gram negative cell wall
Acid Fast cell wall
Absence of cell wall

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18
Q

Seen in Mycobacterium and Nocardia spp.

A

Acid Fast cell wall

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19
Q

Seen in the genera Acholeplasma ( Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp.)

A

Absense of Cell Wall

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20
Q

Have thinner layer of peptidoglycan layer

A

Gram Negative Cell Wall

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21
Q

Have very thick protective peptidoglycan layer

A

Gram Positive Cell Wall

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22
Q

also known as endotoxin

A

Lipid A

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23
Q

What is LPS

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

24
Q

What are the 3 region in LPS

A

O-specific polysaccharides
Lipid A
Core polysacarrides

25
Q

Space in between the outer membrane and inner membrane. it is absent in gram positive bacteria

A

Periplasmic space

26
Q

Major target of some antibiotic

A

Gram positive cell wall

27
Q

Less affected by antibiotic

A

Gram negative cell wall

28
Q

What are the substances unique to the gram positive cell wall

A

Teichoic acid
Lipoteichoic acid

29
Q

Types of Acid-Fast Staining

A

Hot method
Cold method
Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorochrome

30
Q

its stain dark blue in acid fast

A

Nocardia

31
Q

Stains faint blue

A

Mycobacteria

32
Q

Act as virulence factors

A

Capsule

33
Q

Staining the capsule cause the appearance of a ______ pattern

A

Halo like

34
Q

What are the pathogenic organism that have been associated with biofilm formation in human infections.

A

Candida albicans
Coagulase- negative staphylococci
Enterococcus spp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudoman aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus spp.

35
Q

Exterior protein filaments that rotate. its enables the bacteria to be motile

A

Flagella

36
Q

What are the types of Flagella

A

Atrichous
Monotrichous
Amphitrichous
Lophotrichous
Cephalotrichous
Peritrichous

37
Q

Flagella on both ends

A

Amphitrichous

38
Q

No Flagella

A

Atrichous

39
Q

Flagella all around the bacterium

A

Peritrichous

40
Q

Flagella multiply in tufts at one end

A

Lophotrichous

41
Q

Tuft of flagella at both ends

A

Cephalotrichous

42
Q

One polar flagellum

A

Monotrichous

43
Q

Use Endoflagella

A

Spirochetes

44
Q

What is the rotation of flagella

A

Clockwise or Counterclockwise rotation

45
Q

Prokaryotes movement powered by

A

Proto motive force

46
Q

Eukaryotes movement powered by

A

Chemiosmosis or ATP

47
Q

Types of locomotion produced by prokaryotic flagella

A

Propulsion/Swimming
Swarming motility
Twitching motility
Gliding motility

48
Q

Motile E.coli can show a ______ motility in a liquid medium

A

Run-and-tumble pattern

49
Q

Motile E.coli can show a ______ motility in a semisolid media

A

Swarming motility

50
Q

Enables the bacteria to adhere to another cell (host’s cell)

A

Fimbriae

51
Q

Sex pilus/Conjugation pilus

A

Pili

52
Q

F - positive cell are

A

Male bacteria

53
Q

F - negative cell are

A

Female bacteria

54
Q

Method of transfer/ exchange between homologous region of two DNA molecules

A

Genetic Recombination

55
Q

What are the types of Genetic Recombination

A

Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation

CLINICAL BACTERIOLOGY (1 decks)

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