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ap government > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

thomas hobbes

A

wrote Leviathan. advocated for rule of law, government to protect natural rights of people, government is an authority, people are in a social contract with the government

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2
Q

john locke

A

wrote Second Treatise on Civil Government. life, liberty and property were natural rights, governments were to respect and protect those rights. people have the right of revolution

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3
Q

charles de montesquieu

A

wrote De l’Esprit des Lois. advocated for democracy, separation of powers, checks and balances

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4
Q

jean-jacques rousseau

A

wrote The Social Contract. a good government was formed freely with consent from the people

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5
Q

participatory democracy

A

broad participation in politics

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6
Q

pluralist democracy

A

organized group based activism (interest groups)

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7
Q

elite democracy

A

only elite and rich people can participate in politics

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8
Q

representative democracy

A

elected officials representing groups of people

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9
Q

popular soverignty

A

authority of the government is created and sustained by consent of the people, through elected officials

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10
Q

articles of confederation

A

came before the constitution. precedent of federalism, ended revolutionary war, created northwest ordinance

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11
Q

federalism

A

shared powers between the state and federal government

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12
Q

northwest ordinance

A

new states could enter the union

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13
Q

shay’s rebellion

A

6 month rebellion where farmers attacked a federal arsenal to protest the foreclosure of farms in the western part of the state

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14
Q

constitution

A

law of the land. formed because of the articles

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15
Q

constitutional convention

A

a formal meeting held in 1787 for the purpose of creating a constitution for the united states

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16
Q

virginia plan

A

large states. represented based on population

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17
Q

new jersey plan

A

small states. represented based on equality (2 people per)

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18
Q

great compromise

A

creation of a bicameral legislature. HoR on population and Senate with 2 people

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19
Q

3/5 compromise

A

3/5 of slaves should count towards representation when picking people for HoR

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20
Q

federalists

A

wanted a strong national government, supported the constitution (federalist papers)

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21
Q

anti federalists

A

thought the government would become too powerful (brutus 1)

22
Q

bill of rights

A

protect rights of people from government infringement

23
Q

electoral college

A

officially elects the president. whoever gets 270 electoral votes first wins the election

24
Q

brutus 1

A

government had too much power, standing army could diminish liberty. participatory democracy

25
Q

federalist 10

A

factions. to solve, dilute them all

26
Q

federalist 51

A

separation of powers. checks and balances

27
Q

federalist 70

A

executive branch should only be 1 person so it’s more effective and efficient

28
Q

federalist 78

A

judicial branch has the least amount of power

29
Q

legislative branch

A

proposing and make laws

30
Q

executive branch

A

enforcing the laws. power to veto (president)

31
Q

judicial branch

A

determines the constitutionality of laws. judicial review

32
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

aka, elastic clause. allows congress to make any law “necessary and proper” (anti federalists did not like)

33
Q

executive orders

A

orders the president can make without waiting for congress. only way it can be cleared is if the next president clears it

34
Q

executive agreements

A

bypass the ratification power of the senate. same elements as treaties

35
Q

judicial review

A

SC granted itself the power to overturn laws passed by legislature

36
Q

confederation

A

many decisions are made by an external member-state legislation. no simple majority

37
Q

delegated/enumerated powers

A

powers that belong to the national government

38
Q

reserved powers

A

powers that belong to the state governments

39
Q

concurrent powers

A

shared powers between federal and state

40
Q

10th amendment

A

the federal government only has those powers delegated in the constitution. if it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people

41
Q

categorical grants

A

money given to states by government with strict rules on how to use it

42
Q

block grants

A

money given to states by the government with very loose rules on how to use it

43
Q

separation of powers

A

no one faction of the government should have too much power

44
Q

checks and balances

A

prevent one branch from being too powerful

45
Q

ratify

A

approve

46
Q

ratifying convention

A

people are specifically elected to vote on a proposed amendment

47
Q

governor

A

similar powers to the president but on a state level

48
Q

pardon

A

someone to be relieved of some or all legal consequences

49
Q

reprieve

A

cancel or postpone punishment

50
Q

override

A

reject or cancel

51
Q

gubernatorial veto

A

veto in relation to a governor

52
Q

line-item veto

A

reject only certain parts of a bill

ap government (2 decks)

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