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Mya- American History > Unit #1-#5 Exam > Flashcards

Unit #1-#5 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What word means “rebirth”?

A

Renaissance

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2
Q

What civilization emerged in what is now Mexico about 1300 A.D?

A

The Aztecs

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3
Q

Who sponsored Christopher Columbu’s first voyage?

What country sponsored the voyage?

A

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Spain

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4
Q

What did the Pope and treaty between Spain and Portugal provide for?

A

It provided both Spain and Portugal to explore the new area without fighting over who would get to explore or control what.

Line of demarcation

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5
Q

Whose crew sailed around the world?

A

Ferdinand Megellan’s crew

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6
Q

Who led the conquest of the Aztecs?

A

Hernando Cortes (or Cortez)

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7
Q

What was the first permanent European settlement in what would become the United States?

A

Castillo de San Marcos in Spanish fort at St. Augustine

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8
Q

What European explorer came to North America earlier than Columbus?

A

Leif Ericson

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9
Q

What did Martin Luther announce?

When did he announce it?

A

His ninety-five thesis

In 1517

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10
Q

What English ruler broke with Rome and established the Church of England?

A

Henry VIII. He established the Anglican Church

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11
Q

Who sailed to a “new founde land” for England in 1497?

A

The Italian sea captain called Giovanni Caboti (John Cabot in English) was hired by the King of England in 1497

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12
Q

What was the first English attempt to establish a colony in North America?

A

It was established under Queen Elizabeth I. Sir Walter Raleigh sponsored a group of colonizers that settled on Roanoke Island.

No one knows for sure what happened to this colony; it disappeared

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13
Q

Who became king of England when
Elizabeth I died?

A

King James I

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14
Q

Define mercantilism

A

Mercantilism is when the government encourages and assists private businesses, especially those involved in foreign trade

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15
Q

What country did England defeat in a sea battle and thus increase her power in world affairs?

A

The country of Spain was defeated

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16
Q

What was the first permanent English settlement in North America, and when was it founded?

A

Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement that was founded on May 24, 1607

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17
Q

What two landmark events took place in Jamestown?

A

The first representative assembly in America was started in 1619 by the governor of Virginia.

The second happened in 1619. The Dutch traded the Africans to the colonist. This was the first time blacks were treated as commodities

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18
Q

Puritans…

A

were people who wanted to purify the worldly and Catholic-like Church of England.

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19
Q

Separatists…

A

were people who wanted no part in the Anglican Church whatsoever and wanted to be separate and independent

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20
Q

Which group settled Plymouth?

A

Separatists

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21
Q

Which group settled Massachusetts Bay?

A

Puritans

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22
Q

What is the significance of the Massachusetts Bay charter for American self-government?

A

It gave control of the colonies TO the members of the founding company who lived in the New Land

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23
Q

The colony of Rhode Island was founded by whom?

A

Roger Williams

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24
Q

The colony of Connecticut was founded by whom?

A

Thomas Hooker

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25
Q

What was the colony of Maryland intended to be?

A

A haven for persecuted Catholics in the New Land

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26
Q

Who did the English take the colony of New Netherlands (later renamed New York) from?

A

The Dutch

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27
Q

What country at this time posed the only serious threat to English control?

A

France

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28
Q

What were the three steps of learning and practicing a trade?

A

1: Apprentice

#2: Journeyman
#3: Craftsman

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29
Q

The Half-way Covenant established in 1662

A

It allowed children of non-members partial status as a church member

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30
Q

What was the dominant theology in the colonies?

A

Calvinism

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31
Q

What was the form of religious practice?

A

Anglican

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32
Q

English Civil War was between the…

A

Cavaliers or Royalist (sided with king), and the Puritan Roundheads (against the king)

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33
Q

Who was the leader of the Puritan Parliamentarian?

A

Oliver Cromwell

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34
Q

What was the first book printed in America?

A

The Bay Psalms Book

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35
Q

Who established that there is a force called gravity?

A

Isaac Newton

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36
Q

Who established that the sun is the center of the universe and the earth orbits around it?

A

Copernicus and Galileo

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37
Q

Who applied natural laws to human society by says that we are not predetermined by God and that God doesn’t give the power to raise up kings?

A

John Locke

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38
Q

What was the fundamental issue that soon lead to the American Revolution?

A

Power and Control

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39
Q

Who were the governor’s council of advisors made up of?

A

Wealthy colonist who were appointed by the king to support the policies of the king (though many had their own interest at heart)

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40
Q

Who were allowed to vote for assembly member?

A

Free males who owned a certain amount of property

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41
Q

What was the Lords of Trade in 1675?

A

A council that wanted to have more control of the colonies

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42
Q

What did the Lords of Trade create that angered the colonies?

A

The Dominion of New England. This act combined all of the New England colonies into one government. Colonist did not like how government across the ocean had control over the New Land

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43
Q

Who was put on trial for writing negative things and criticizing the governor of New York?

A

John Peter Zenger

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44
Q

What territory in North America was disputed by France and England?

A

The land between the Ohio River and the Great Lakes

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45
Q

What colonial militia officer tried to push the French from Fort Duquesne, but was defeated on July 4, 1754?

A

George Washington

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46
Q

What fort was built where the French Fort Duquesne was burned?

A

British Fort Pitt

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47
Q

What French cities did the British forces capture?

A

Quebec and Montreal in Canada

48
Q

Who was given control of Louisiana by the French in exchange for being France’s ally?

A

Spain

49
Q

Who had control over Florida after the French and Indian War?

A

Britain did after receiving it from Spain as part of the Treaty of Paris

50
Q

Who allied with America to try to weaken Britain during the American Revolution against Great Britain?

A

France

51
Q

What the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union?

A

To united the government of the thirteen British colonies in North America together to make sure that the colonies would fight together under the leadership of the British king.

52
Q

What were some laws passed by Parliament after the French and Indian War?

A

1: The Writs of Assistance Law (allowed the searches of homes and businesses)

#2: A law that did not allow colonies to print their own money
#3: A law that required the crown of England to approve potential laws

53
Q

What did the Proclamation of 1763 forbid?

A

Any new English settlements west of the Appalachian Mountain crest

54
Q

What happened on March 5, 1770 in Boston?

A

A mob of colonist encountered British troops and many were killed the fighting that occurred. This incident was called the Boston Massacre

55
Q

What happened on December 16, 1773?

A

Patriots disgusted as Indians boarded three ships and dumped tea into the harbor in opposition to the new Tea Act of 1773. This event is called the Boston Tea Party

56
Q

The First Continental Congress met in September of 1774 to oppose what?

A

The Coercive Act (nicknamed the Intolerable Acts), and act that severely restricted trade in and out of Boston

57
Q

What two English ministers helped bring about a spiritual revival in England?

A

George Whitefield and John Wesley

58
Q

What was the Great Awakening?

A

A series of revivals that swept the colonies

59
Q

What American preacher was recognized as the leading preacher of the Great Awakening in the colonies?

A

Jonathan Edwards

60
Q

What king in England did not like that the colonies were resisting British laws and declared the colonies were in a state of rebellion?

A

King George III

61
Q

Who gave the speech that ended, “Give me liberty, or give me death.”?

And when was this speech given?

A

Patrick Henry

March 23, 1775

62
Q

When did the British troops move out of Boston and why?

A

April 18, 1775

To follow their new orders to put an end to rebellions taking place in the colonies by arresting Samual Adams, and John Hancock in Lexington, and seizing patriot weapons in Concord

63
Q

Who were sent into the countryside to warn Adams, Hancock, and local militias that they British were approaching?

A

Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samual Prescott

64
Q

Who was appointed as the Commander of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress?

A

George Washington

65
Q

Who won the Battle of Breed’s Hill (also called Bunker Hill)?

A

The British

66
Q

What two documents did Congress adopt in July 1775?

A

The “Olive Branch Petition” and the “Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms.” which were both largely written by John Dickinson

67
Q

Who wrote “Common Sense” in January of 1776 and “The Crisis “?

A

Thomas Paine

68
Q

Who was the principal writer of the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

69
Q

What happened on July 2, 1776?

A

Lee’s original resolution was passed by Congress

70
Q

What happened on July 4, 1776

A

Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence was adopted by Congress

71
Q

What was the nickname of the political party in Britain that supported the king?

A

Tories (conservative)

72
Q

What was the nickname of the political party in Britain that were against the throne?

A

Whigs (liberal party)

73
Q

What were the two key elements of British strategy in the War for Independence?

A

1: Seizing the largest American cities

#2: Dividing New England from the rest of the colonies

74
Q

What was the name of the camp American troops had to spend the harsh winter of 1777-1778 just outside of British controlled Philadelphia?

A

Valley Forge

75
Q

New York City

A

Britain won

76
Q

Trenton, New Jersey

A

America won

77
Q

Kaskaskia, Illinois

A

America won

78
Q

Camden, South Carolina

A

Britan won

79
Q

King’s Mountain, South Carolina

A

America won

80
Q

The turning point of the war was after…

A

British General John Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga on October 17, 1777

81
Q

The turning point of the war in the South was after…

A

America won the Battle of King’s Mountain on the border of North and South Carolina on October 7, 1780

82
Q

Who surrendered to Washington at Yorktown, Virginia, on October 19, 1781?

A

Cornwallis

83
Q

Who still remained loyal to England after the American Revolutionary War?

A

Most government office-holders, Anglican clergy, some businessmen, and many small farmers

84
Q

Who oversaw the carving out of the Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap in 1775

A

Daniel Boone

85
Q

Many state constitutions written in 1780 were much of the foundation for the provisions of the…

A

Constitution

86
Q

What was the first governing document of the United States?

A

Articles of Confederation

87
Q

What was a major issue that delayed the ratification of this document by all of the states?

A

The handling of western lands

88
Q

How many representatives for each state in Congress as stated in the Articles of Confederation?

A

No less than two and no more that seven

89
Q

How many states had to vote to support a war?

A

Nine

90
Q

What did the Northwest Ordinance establish?

A

A pattern on how new regions northwest were to be governed, divided, and organized into territories, and how they could become states.

91
Q

When did the Constitutional Convention meet?

A

May of 1787

92
Q

Who was the most prominent and active delegate at the Constitutional Convention?

A

Young James Madison from Virginia

93
Q

What did the Great Compromise resolve?

A

The concern about how representation would be determined in the national legislature.

94
Q

Who wrote that those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it?

A

George Santayana

95
Q

England’s power increased by defeating…

A

The Spanish Armada in a sea battle in 1588

96
Q

What were the three overall principles that lie behind the Constitution?

A

1: Maintain careful balances and shared power among the three branches.

#2: Government driven by Congress, not executive branch
#3: They actually feared democracy

97
Q

What are the three branches of government?

A

Executive, legislative, and judicial

98
Q

What are the two chambers of Congress?

A

Senate and House of Representatives

99
Q

How often do members of the House get elected?

A

Every two years

100
Q

What are the two main responsibilities of the House?

A

1: Propose the raising of revenue

#2: Initiate the process of impeachment

101
Q

What is the term for a U.S. Senator?

A

Six years

102
Q

What are the three main responsibilities of the Senate?

A

1: Ratifying treaties that are made with other countries

#2: Approving the nominations made by the President
#3: Serving as the jury in an impeachment trail

103
Q

What is the set total amount of Electors, Representative, and Senators that are now there after the 12th Amendment was passed?

A

538 Electors
435 Representative
100 Senators

104
Q

What are the levels of courts?

A

1: Courts of Appeal

#2: Federal District Court
#3: Supreme Court

105
Q

What is the fraction of both house in Congress that have to pass an amendment?

and the states?

A

Two-thirds Congress

Three-fourth States

106
Q

What are the four issues the 1st Amendment addresses?

A

1: Not giving favor to one religious group; free exercise of religion in the U.S

#2: Freedom of speech
#3: Freedom of the press
#4: Assembling peaceably to tell government about problems

107
Q

2nd Amendment

A

The right to own and use guns

108
Q

5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th Amendment

A

Protects the rights of those who have been accused of committing a crime.

109
Q

10th Amendment

A

Embodies the principle of limited government

110
Q

16th Amendment

A

Permits direct Federal income taxes

111
Q

19th Amendment

A

Women the right to vote

112
Q

24th Amendment

A

Outlawed the poll tax

113
Q

25th Amendment

A

Provides for presidential succession

114
Q

26th Amendment

A

Gave the right to vote to those eighteen

115
Q
A

Mya- American History (3 decks)

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