Unit 1

Question 1

What are the Characteristics of Utilitarianism?

Answer 1

• Teleological- Toward Goal

- Consequentialist- Moral actions form end result

Question 2

What is Utilitarianism?

Answer 2

• Hedonistic- Pursuit of pleasure and moral theory

- Moves toward certain goals

Question 3

What is a sentient being? (Utilitarianism)

Answer 3

• Able to experience both pleasure and pain

Question 4

What are the three parts of the utilitarian calculus?

Answer 4

• Increase pleasure, decrease pain
• Do greatest good for greatest number
• Ends must justify the means

Question 5

What are the two types of utilitarians? (Prove a moral dilemma)

Answer 5

• Act- Mill- Believes that no two moral situations are the same so you must put all acts into the calculus
• Rule- Bentham- There are some similarities in situations (Do not date married people)

Question 6

What is one problem with pleasure?

Answer 6

• Pleasure can be received and given but not known in another
• Cannot know another person’s pleasure because it is an internal state
• You can only know pleasure by report.
• People can lie and are masters of faking it (nasty food)

Question 7

What does Mill think?

Answer 7

• There must be a hierarchy- some are more important than others
• How do we determine the hierarchy?

Question 8

What are the weaknesses of utilitarianism?

Answer 8

• People lie
• Does not feel good now but will later
• We do not now others pleasures or pains
• We are not good at predicting the future
• The world does not operate by our wishes
• Your choice now is not always your first choice

Question 9

What are the conclusions of utilitarianism?

Answer 9

• It does not work because pleasure does not equal happiness
• Utilitarianism is consequential
• Morally fickle- “If it benefits for me to ____, I should ___

Question 10

Logas Def.

Answer 10

• Word
• Science or study of
• To speak about

Question 11

Rational Def.

Answer 11

No lie

Question 12

Deontos Def.

Answer 12

Duty

Question 13

Imperative Def.

Answer 13

Command (Go, sit, stay, stop, etc.)

Question 14

Ism Def.

Answer 14

Body of knowledge concerning the nature of

Question 15

What is Deontology?

Answer 15

• Duty-Based
• All have the capacity for reason and free will
• Reject religious rules and make your own

Question 16

Who is Manuel Kant?

Answer 16

Father of Deontology

First professional philosopher

Question 17

What is a Hypothetical Imperative?

Answer 17

• No Morals

- If/Then Commands always

Question 18

What are types of the Hypothetical Imperative?

Answer 18

Utilitarianism: If I lie and it ends well, I should lie
Consequentialism: Moral Fickleness- Not consistent = Moral? (If the business of business is making money, can it ever be moral?
Egoism: No such thing as sacrifice. Every person always does what is in their own best interest
Environmental Factors: Nature vs. Nurture

Question 19

What is the Categorical Imperative?

Answer 19

• Opposite of Categorical Imperative

- Says the moral law is the same for all in every moral situation

Question 20

What is the Moral Law?

Answer 20

• Comes from within us
• Comes from our reason as rational creatures in which you receive the Categorical Imperative
• As obvious as the law of gravity, all rational beings know it exists

Question 21

What are the characteristics of the Categorical Imperative?

Answer 21

• Universally Applicable (If it is rational, it applies to you)
• Confronts us as a duty (Does not care how you feel)
• Ought implies can (Makes no sense if you do not have the capacity to do it)

Question 22

What are the two examples of the categorical imperative?

Answer 22

• Always tell the truth (no lies)
• Always treat others as ends of themselves and never as a means to an end (Can we really be with someone without using them a little?)

Question 23

What does Kant Believe?

Answer 23

• All actions should have a maxim/be maxamizable
• All other rational creatures should do the sane as you
• Shows others what we ought to do

Question 24

What as a conceptual reality?

Answer 24

May not be experienced in lifetime but makes sense that it exists (Real love)

Question 25

What is a kingdom of ends?

Answer 25

Conceptual Reality where everyone tells truth and treats other as means to self and never as means to end

Question 26

Is there anyone exempt from the Categorical Imperative?

Answer 26

• Children

- Those with cognitive dysfunction or defect

Question 27

What are the logical conclusions if you accept the legitimacy of the categorical imperative?

Answer 27

• Must be human autonomy (free will- choice and decision)
• Must be a god (good intentions matched with good action) (Right intention, wrong action and vice versa)
• Must be an afterlife (where people get what is coming to them)