Unit 1 AOS 1

Question 1

Health and wellbeing definition

Answer 1

relating to the state of a persons physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence and is characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.

Question 2

WHO Health definition

Answer 2

Is a state of complete physical, metal and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 3

Limitations of the 1946 WHO definition

Answer 3

It doesn’t give everyone the opportunity to be considered healthy.

Complete wellbeing in all dimensions is difficult to achieve and unattainable for most people.

A person can be considered healthy even if they do not have complete wellbeing in the dimensions of physical, social, and mental health.

Question 4

Wellbeing definition

Answer 4

A complex combination of all dimensions of health characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy healthy, capable and engaged.

Question 5

what are the 5 dimensions of health and wellbeing

Answer 5

physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual

Question 6

physical health and wellbeing definition

Answer 6

Physical wellbeing refers to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness
-your body weight, Blood pressure, level of illness

Question 7

emotional wellbeing definition

Answer 7

relates to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive way.
- resilience, the ability to regulate emotions, recognition of emotions in self and others

Question 8

mental wellbeing definition

Answer 8

Mental health and wellbeing refers to a persons mind or brain and the ability to think and process information. A mentally healthy brain enables an individual to positively form opinions, make decisions and use logic.
-Thought patterns/cognition, mental disorders, stress. anxiety and esteem.

Question 9

social wellbeing definition

Answer 9

being able to interact with others and participate in the comunity in botha nd independent and cooperative way
-friendship networks, being part of a team. relationships with family.

Question 10

spiritual wellbeing definition

Answer 10

A phenomenon that is not material in nature but belongs to the realm of ideas, beliefs and ethics that have arisen in the minds and conscience of human beings
-sense of belonging, peace, harmony, personal beliefs

Question 11

What is health status?

Answer 11

An individuals or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability, level of disease risk factors.

Question 12

measuring health status indicators

Answer 12

self assessed health status, life expectancy, mortality, morbidity, incidence, prevalence of health conditions, burden of disease, rates of hospitalisation, core activity limitations, psychological distress

Question 13

life expectancy definition

Answer 13

An indication of how long a person can expect to live if death rates do not change.

Question 14

mortality

Answer 14

deaths in a population

Question 15

morbidity

Answer 15

refers to ill health in an individual or levels of ill-health in a population

Question 16

incidence

Answer 16

refers to the number of new cases of a condition in a given period of time (usually 12 months).

Question 17

prevalence

Answer 17

refers to the total number of cases of a condition at a given time.

Question 18

burden of disease

Answer 18

a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries

Question 19

how to measure burden of disease

Answer 19

DALY (disability adjusted life year) where 1 daly = 1 healthy life lost due to illness or premature death

Question 20

core activities

Answer 20

relate to the main areas of life including selfcare, mobility, and communication

Question 21

core activity limitation

Answer 21

refers to an individual having difficulty in any of the three core areas of life.

Question 22

psychological distress

Answer 22

relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual’s level of functioning.

Question 23

sociocultural factors

Answer 23

family, peer group, employment, education, housing, income, access to health information

Question 24

why is it useful to be able to measure health status?

Answer 24

To identify priority health issues, monitor progress and re-evaluate health promotions.

Question 25

how does age affect health and wellbeing?

Answer 25

Age can influence perspectives of health and wellbeing because as people grow up their understanding of health and wellbeing changes and can grow in complexity.

For example, a young child may perceive health to simply be about the consumption of vegetables and playing sport, but as they attend school, and gain knowledge (as they get older), they may gain a better understanding of the complexity of health and wellbeing, and the importance of all dimensions, not simply physical health and wellbeing

Question 26

how does gender affect health and wellbeing

Answer 26

Young males have a greater focus on the consumption of nutritious foods and not just physical activity. Males are just starting to focus on their mental health and wellbeing.

Both male and females prioritise social health and wellbeing although friendship groups may be formed through different means.
In addition to this

Females often prioritised physical health and wellbeing as well as nutritious foods. Not only do women prioritise these but also mental health and wellbeing. Females are generally more open about their feelings and are more likely to problem solve and share personal matters with family and friends.

Question 27

How does culture affect health and well-being

Answer 27

Culture can shape an individual’s views on health and well-being, including diet and traditional practices. The presence of cultural identity can influence the encouragement of physical activity or diet-related aspects. The presence of culture can also relate to cultural practices which ties into social well-being, as this can be done with family and friends.

Question 28

how does your socioeconomic status affect your health and wellbeing

Answer 28

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a measure used to determine the social status of an individual using the factors of income, occupation, and education

Different socio-economic groups have varying perspectives on what good health means.

Lower socio-economic groups have a lower level of health understanding, therefore are more likely to pick up unhealthy habits and behaviours than those in higher socio economic groups as they have a higher understanding of what is considered both healthy and unhealthy.

Question 29

how does religion affect health and wellbeing

Answer 29

Religion gives people a sense of belonging and connection to the world. Religion can demonstrate peace and harmony for some people which then could give them a positive meaning and purpose in life.

Question 30

how does peer group affect health and wellbeing?

Answer 30

peer groups can have a positive impact on health behaviour, for example, a group of friends who love playing soccer will influence participation in the activity, thus increasing fitness levels and promoting physical health and wellbeing. Positive and respectful friendships enhance youth mental health and well-being through the encouragement of healthy behaviours.

As youth is often a stage of experimenting and taking risks, peer pressure may lead to health risks and therefore decrease an individual’s health status. Binge drinking, illicit drug use, and drunk driving are often negative health behaviours associated with peers

Question 31

how does family affect health and wellbeing

Answer 31

A positive family environment can often be associated with building resilience, inner strength and determination (enhancing emotional health and wellbeing), all factors that are associated with a positive transition into independent adult life and a reduced risk of a range of health concerns including mental disorders.

The conflicts and stressors of living in two family environments can lead to negative effects on their emotional and mental health and wellbeing and can lead to poorer overall self-assessed health status.

Question 32

how does housing affect health and wellbeing

Answer 32

youth generally spend a lot of time at home, and their home environment can significantly affect their health status. Family who have positive habits at home, such as regular exercise, healthy eating, a clean home, etc encourage children and youth living in the house to follow these habits too.

Some aspects of the home environment itself can affect health. Indoor air pollution, including dust, and tobacco smoke can increase morbidity from asthma and respiratory conditions. In kitchen facilities, specific nutrients required may not be able to be met in every household, which may affect physical health. A family who consumes a lot of unhealthy processed foods would encourage children to consume this too as this is what is available. Many other factors can negatively affect health, such as housing safety, drinking water quality overcrowding, and homelessness.

Question 33

how does education affect health and wellbeing

Answer 33

Those with higher levels of education report fewer physical health concerns and better mental health and wellbeing.

Those with lower levels of education report higher physical health concerns and worse mental health and wellbeing.

Question 34

How does employment affect health and wellbeing

Answer 34

Positive workplaces provide opportunities for increased social interactions. Young people develop communication skills and build productive relationships, which enhance their social health and wellbeing.
Mental health and wellbeing can also be enhanced, as the workplace can teach young people new skills, which in turn develops their self-esteem and confidence. Many workplaces can be physically challenging, such as undertaking a trade apprenticeship, allowing the individual to increase strength and physical endurance, and therefore improve fitness and physical health and wellbeing. Employment can also provide young people with a sense of purpose and meaning in life and therefore promote spiritual health and wellbeing.

Negative: Unpleasant or unfavourable working conditions can also influence young people’s mental health and wellbeing by affecting their self-esteem and contributing to feelings of depression.

Question 35

how does income affect health and wellbeing

Answer 35

Family income
determines the type of neighbourhood in which a young person
grows up and the kind of educational resources available to them.
The quality of these settings is an important factor in determining
healthy behaviours and young people’s health status

Question 36

how does access to health information affect health and wellbeing

Answer 36

Youth can access online support groups or websites to monitor their health. (access online)

Youth may access inaccurate health information

Question 37

How do Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples view health?

Answer 37

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples view health in a very holistic way, taking into account the social, emotional, spiritual, and cultural wellbeing of individuals and the whole community

Question 38

One advantage and disadvantage of using life expectancy in making judgments about the health status of a population

Answer 38

Advantage- reflects the overall health status of a population

disadvantage- it doesn’t provide information about how sick as population is.

Question 39

YLL definition

Answer 39

years of life lost—indicates how many years of life have been lost as a result of dying prematurely from an illness, disease or injury

Question 40

How to measure psychological distress

Answer 40

the Kessler psychological distress scale (k10) is used in aus to quantify the stress levels, with scores ranging from 10-50 where higher scores indicate higher levels of distress.

Question 41

How to measure core activity limitation

Answer 41

typically assessed in health status questionarie (HSQ) which responses indicating the degree of limitation (example none, mild, m0derate, severe.)

Question 42

why do youth have lower death rates than other age groups?

Answer 42

I survived childhood where genetic abnormalities cause death

survived childhood were complications of child birth cause death

their bodies have not had enough to develop lifestyle conditions such as cardiovascular disease.

Question 43

importance of culture impacting Aboriginals in h&b pov

Answer 43

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples who feel a strong connection to culture have significantly better self-assessed health status.

those who speak Indigenous languages and participate in cultural activities have better physical and mental health and well-being compared to those who do not

Their perspective towards health and well-being is how being connected to culture, family, and land contributes significantly to lower morbidity and mortality.

Question 44

connection to the land impacting Aboriginals in h&b pov

Answer 44

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples believe it is their duty to care for the land, and in caring for the land they are strengthening their cultures and health and wellbeing.

many tend to get sick when they are removed from their traditional land.

It is through land management practices that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples feel empowered, which leads to lower stress levels and improved mental health and wellbeing.

Question 45

social & emotional h&w impacting Aboriginals in h&b pov

Answer 45

This concept of a collective perspective that views everyone as family and one big community creates a sense of belonging

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people prioritise their relationships with individuals, their family, and the community. By developing connections with other individuals, it creates a positive environment. This is essential for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to lead successful and fulfilling lives.