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Unit 1- Biological Influences > Unit 1- Biological Influences > Flashcards

Unit 1- Biological Influences Flashcards

1
Q

Name the structures that make up the Hindbrain.

A
  • The pons/brain stem
  • The medulla
  • The cerebellum
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2
Q

List the functions of the Hindbrain.

A
  • Coordinates respiratory rhythm
  • Motor activity
  • Sleep and wakefulness
  • Facial movements
  • Transmission of sound from your ears to the brain
  • Reflex actions (coughing, sneezing, swallowing)
  • Controls respiratory muscles
  • Fine motor control
  • Bladder function
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3
Q

What is the function/s of the Pons?

A
  • Controls facial sensation
  • The ability to bite, chew and swallow
  • Facial expression and movements
  • Breathing functions such as breath intensity and frequency
  • Role in sleep patterns
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4
Q

What does the Medulla control?

A
  • Cardiac rates, patterns and rhythms
  • Breathing rhythms
  • Vasometrics (dilation and contraction of blood vessels)
  • Reflex actions such as coughing, sneezing, swallowing.
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5
Q

Outline what the Cerebellum is responsible for.

A
  • Responsible for muscle tone, coordination and fine motor control (free movement)
  • Hand eye coordination skills
  • Long-term and short-term memory
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6
Q

Is the Cerebellum found in the Hindbrain?

A

Yes

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7
Q

State where the Hindbrain is found.

A

At the rear of the skull, lowest part of the brain

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8
Q

State the functions of the Midbrain.

A
  • Connecting the forebrain and hindbrain (communication superhighway)
  • Associated with vision and hearing
  • Motor control
  • Sleep and wakefulness
  • Arousal and alertness
  • Temperature regulation
  • Integrates sensory info from your eyes and ears
  • ‘Flight or flight’ response
  • Heart rate
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9
Q

What structures can be found in the Midbrain?

A
  • The Cerebral Peduncle
  • The Corpora Quadrigemina
  • Cerebral Aqueduct
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10
Q

State what the Cerebral Peduncle is responsible for.

A
  • Helps refine movements
  • Adjusts commands by taking into account where the body parts are located before directing the movements
  • Links the remainder of the Brainstem to the Thalami
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11
Q

What role does the Corpora Quadrigemina have?

A
  • It is a reflex centre involving vision and hearing
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12
Q

List the function/s of the Cerebral Aqueduct.

A
  • connect the third and fourth ventricles and to ensure the flow of cerebrospinal fluid through these areas
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13
Q

Where is the Midbrain located?

A
  • Below the cerebral cortex, and above the Hindbrain, placing it near the center of the brain.
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14
Q

What is the function/s of the Forebrain?

A
  • Processing complex information
  • Processing/ expressing/ being aware of emotions
  • Helps discriminate objects from one another
  • Memory storage
  • Regulates sleep and wakefulness
  • Pleasurable activities (eating, drinking and sex)
  • Secretes hormones response to different emotions, stress and rewarding feelings.
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15
Q

List the functions of the Cerebral Cortex

A
  • Determining Intelligence
  • Determining Personality
  • Motor Function
  • Planning and Organization
  • Touch Sensation
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16
Q

What are the functions of the Corpus Callosum?

A
  • Communication Between Brain Hemispheres
  • Eye Movement
  • Maintaining the Balance of Arousal and Attention
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17
Q

List the functions of the Thalamus.

A
  • Motor Control
  • Receives Auditory, Somatosensory, and Visual Sensory Signals
  • Relays Sensory Signals to the Cerebral Cortex
  • Memory Formation and Emotional Expression
  • Pain Perception
  • Controls Sleep and Awake States
18
Q

What does the Basal Ganglia control?

A
  • coordinating voluntary movements particularly in forming habitual behaviors, such as bicycle riding and typing
19
Q

Discuss the role the Hypothalamus has on the brain.

A
  • Links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland
  • Releases hormones that are transported along the axons
20
Q

What is the Limbic system made up of?

A
  • The Amygdala and the Hippocampus
21
Q

List the functions of the Limbic System.

A
  • Processing/ expressing/ being aware of emotions (Amygdala)

- Memory storage (Hippocampus)

22
Q

What is the Cerebrum?

A
  • Divided into 4 regions called lobes: the occipital, parietal, frontal and temporal lobes
23
Q

List the functions of the Cerebral lobes.

A
  • Controls senses, thoughts, and movements.
  • Obtains information from your surroundings and/or body and then sends that information to a specific part of the cerebrum.
  • Interprets the knowledge and decides what must happen next.
24
Q

What is the function of the Association Areas?

A
  • Where decisions are made and ‘thought’ happens.
  • They take in information from the sensory cortex, process it in a stimulus specific manner, and may signal for a response from motor cortex.
  • responsible for thought, memory, and learning
25
Q

List what the left hemisphere is responsible for.

A
  • Logic
  • Writing
  • Language
  • Scientific skills
  • Maths
  • Lists
  • Responsible for right side of the body
26
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the brain control?

A
  • Emotional expression
  • Spatial awareness
  • Musicality
  • Creativity
  • Imagination
  • Dimension
  • Gestalt (whole picture)
  • Controls the left side of the body
27
Q

What is the structure of the Corpus Callosum?

A
  • The two hemispheres are separated but not completely

- Joined by a bundle of nerve tissue (200million nerve fibres)

28
Q

Name the functions of the a Corpus Callosum.

A
  • Connects the left and right hemispheres

- Sends messages from one hemisphere to the other

29
Q

List the four lobes of the brain.

A
  • Occipital Lobe
  • Temporal Lobe
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Parietal Lobe
30
Q

Name the functions of the occipital lobe.

A
  • Visual processing centre

- Responsible for processing visual information from the eyes

31
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A
  • Involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing

- Holds the primary auditory cortex

32
Q

Name the functions of the frontal lobe.

A
  • Carries our higher metal processes such as thinking, decision making and planning.
  • Left side deals with language
  • Right side deals with emotions/ character
33
Q

Discuss the functions of the parietal lobe.

A
  • Can be divided into two functional regions:
    1. involves sensation and perception
    2. Is concerned with integrating sensory input, primarily in the visual system
  • assists in processing visual images and other sensory input
34
Q

Name the structures of the Neuron.

A
  • Cell body
  • Axon
  • Dendrites
  • Myelin Sheath
35
Q

List the types of neurons.

A
  • Sensory Neuron
  • Motor Neuron
  • Relay Neuron
36
Q

What is the function of the cell body in a Neuron?

A
  • produces all the proteins for the dendrites, axons and synaptic terminals.
37
Q

Name the function/s of the axon in a Neuron.

A
  • conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body.
  • transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands
38
Q

What is the difference of the functions of a motor and a sensory Neuron?

A

Motor Neuron: carries signals from the CNS to effectors.

Sensory Neuron: carry signals from receptors to the spinal cord and brain.

38
Q

What are the function/s of Dendrites in a Neuron?

A
  • Dendrites are the structures on the neuron that receive electrical messages.
  • Serve as the main apparatus for receiving signals from other nerve cells.
  • They function as an “antennae” of the neuron and are covered by thousands of synapses.
39
Q

Name the function/s of the Myelin Sheath in a Neuron.

A
  • protect and insulate axons

- enhance transmission speed of electrical impulses

Unit 1- Biological Influences (1 decks)

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