Unit 1: Developmental

Question 1

Ainsworth and Bell (1970)

Answer 1

100 middle class American babies
Strange Situation (reunion)
Secure: 66
Avoidant: 22
Resistant: 12

Question 2

Harlow and Zimmerman (1959)

Answer 2

Baby monkeys
Wire monkey = food, soft monkey = no food
Monkey ran to soft monkey and when it’s not in cage, cowered in corner

Question 3

Hazan and Shaver (1987)

Answer 3

Love quiz - 200 men, 400 women
Childhood checklist and current relationships
Strong correlation secure and secure

Question 4

Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Answer 4

Meta analysis
32 studies, 8 countries, 1990 children
Secure highest, variations in insecure
Avoidant - Japan 5%, Germany 35%

Question 5

Takahashi (1990)

Answer 5

60 middle class Japanese babies
Ainsworth strange situation
Secure - 68
Resistant - 32
90% stopped = distress

Question 6

Robertson and Robertson (1971)

Answer 6

5 children
Residential care (mum in hospital)
4 - cared for by Robertsons + visitation rights, some distress and didn’t reject mum
John - institution, extreme distress + withdrawn, reject mum

Question 7

Bowlby (1944)

Answer 7

Affectionless psychopathy
44 thieves compared to 44 control
Maternal separation 1+ week in first 5 years
11/44 thieves = affectionless psychopaths
Separation - 86% psychopaths, 17% non psychopaths

Question 8

Hetherington (1979-82)

Answer 8

Longitudinal effects of divorce
Assessed 4, 6, 8 years
Living with mum
Immediate = attention seeking behaviour and aggression
2+4 years = girls normal, boys still aggressive + antisocial

Question 9

Rutter (2007)

Answer 9

165 Romanian children institutional care
Poor physical + emotional care
Compared to control 52 UK children
4,6,11 years - physical, emotional, social and IQ. Worse in all 6+ months
Quasi autism
No evidence of more behavioural problems.

Question 10

Tigard and Hodges

Answer 10

65 children
Longitudinal 4 months-years
Physical + intellectual stimulation, High staff turnover
Adoption + assessment close attachment 8+16 years
Biological - 46, 56
Adopted - 95, 81

Question 11

Shea (1981)

Answer 11

57 Australian children, 3-4 years, 2 or 5 days/week
Observation - interaction frequency, proximity, aggression
Sociability increased 10 weeks, aggression no increase

Question 12

DiLalla (1998)

Answer 12

124 children, 5 years
Lab 20 minutes
Social skills (talking politely) vs aggression (hitting)
Little relationship + had negative effects

Question 13

Belsky (2003)

Answer 13

Longitudinal

1000 children

Question 14

Schaffer and Emerson (1964)

Answer 14

60 babies