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Microbiology Diseases unit 1 > Unit 1 Diseases > Flashcards

Unit 1 Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What type of organism is Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Bacteria, gram + cocci

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2
Q

What is the disease of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

skin infections with pus, boils and can happen impetigo (around nose or mouth)

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3
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus?

A
  1. break in skin allows for infection 2. Production of toxins that inhibit phagocytosis, cause pus formation and separate dermis from epidermis
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4
Q

What is the treatment for Staphylococcus aureus?

A

non-penicillin antibiotics if MRSA and vancomycin

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5
Q

What type of organism is Candida albacin?

A

fungus, dimorphic (ability to switch between yeast and mold)

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6
Q

What diseases can be caused by Candida albicin?

A

Candidiasis (yeast infection), thrush

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Candida albicin?

A

opportunist, can invade when immune system is weak or bacterial normal flora is killed due to antibiotics

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8
Q

What is the treatment for diseases caused by Candida albicin?

A

topical anti-fungal creams and Amphotericin B

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9
Q

What type of organism is Giardia lamblia?

A

Protozoa

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10
Q

What disease is caused from Giardia lamblia?

A

Giardiasis

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of Diardiasis?

A

Diarrhea, inability to absorb fatty foods

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Diardiasis?

A

A cyst is ingested and becomes Trophozoite in the small intestines. The trophozoites attach to the lining of the small intestines which causes inflammation. This interferes with the absorption of fluid and food.

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13
Q

What is the treatment of Diardiasis?

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

What type of organism is Enterobius vermicularis?

A

helminth, pinworm

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15
Q

What disease is caused from Enterobius vermicularis?

A

Enterbiasis

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Enterbiasis?

A

intentional infection and nocturnal anal itch

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17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Enterbiasis?

A

Eggs are ingested and hatch in duodenum. The females emerge at night and lay eggs around anus that cause itching

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18
Q

What is the treatment of Enterbiasis?

A

Mebendazole

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19
Q

What type of virus is Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV 1)?

A

DNA virus, enveloped

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20
Q

What happens to the gums and lips with HSV 1?

A

cold sores– ulcerative lesions on gums and lips

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21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of HSV 1?

A

The virus enters through oral contact with infected host and then replicates in epithelial cells which creates vesicles. The virus then ascends the sensory neuron to the posterior root ganglion. It then remains dormant until a future outbreak

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22
Q

What is the treatment for HSV 1?

A

Acyclovir (antiviral used before vesicle forms)

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23
Q

What type of disease is a PRPsc prion?

A

Prion

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24
Q

What disease does PRPsc prion make?

A

Cruetzfelt-Jakobs Disease (CJD)

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25
Q

What is CJD?

A

Degeneration of CNS–Dementia, abnormal motor function leads to death

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26
Q

What is the pathogenesis of CJD?

A

PRPsc (misfiled protein) converts a PRPC (normal protein) to PRPsc. PRPsc aggregate to form deposits in the brain to vacuoles

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27
Q

What is the treatment of CJD?

A

None

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28
Q

What type of microorganism is Yersinia pestis?

A

bacteria, Gram -

29
Q

What disease is caused by Yersinia pestis?

A

the plague- fatal infection of lymph nodes (bubonic) or lungs (pneumonic)

30
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Yersinia pestis?

A

a flea transmits bacteria during blood meal; the bacteria phagocytize and is carried to the lymph nodes (it is protected by an antiphagocytic antigen); lymph nodes swell, bacteria gets into blood and other organs (septicemic); lungs get infected and then it is aerosolized

31
Q

What is the treatment for the plague?

A

Stretomycin or Doxycycline (antiseptics)

32
Q

What type of microorganism is Bacillus anthracis?

A

Bacteria, Gram(+) rod

33
Q

What disease is caused by Bacillus anthracis?

A

Anthrax

34
Q

What is the pathogenesis of anthrax?

A

endospores are inhaled, ingested, or enters skin

Inhaled/ ingested: germinate into lung/ GI, capsule prevents phagocytosis; toxins are released that cause swelling and necrosis which leads to death

Skin: painless ulcer with a black center (Eschar)

35
Q

What is the treatment of Anthrax?

A

Penicillin (antibiotics)

36
Q

What type of Microorganism is Treponema pallidum?

A

Bacteria, gram (-) Spriochete

37
Q

What disease is caused from Treponema pallidum?

A

Syphilis

38
Q

What are the 4 stages of Syphilis?

A

1: primary syphilis: painless ulcer at site of inoculation (chancre)
2: Secondary: swelling on lymph nodes and skin rash
3: Latent stage: no symptoms
4: tertiary stage: damage to heart, blood vessels, brain and eyes

39
Q

What is the pathogenesis of syphilis?

A

bacteria enters via mucous membranes of genitalia and then to the lymphs nodes and then the blood; bacteria disseminate intos skin; evades immune system by slow dividing time; invades the rest of the body

40
Q

What is the treatment of syphilis?

A

penicillin or doxycycline (antibiotics)

41
Q

What type of microorganism is Corynebacterium diphtheriae?

A

bacteria, Gram (+) pleomorphic

42
Q

What disease is caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae?

A

Diptheria–sore throat, fever, blocked airways

43
Q

What is the pathogenesis of diphtheria?

A

inhaled and attaches to the back of the throat; diphtheria toxin is produced which kills cells, inflammation and pseudomembrane

44
Q

What can a pseudomembrane do?

A

asphyxiate toxins in blood causing heart and CNS damage

45
Q

What is the treatment of diphtheria?

A

penicillin and antitoxin

46
Q

What type of microorganism is Neisseria gonnorrhoeae?

A

bateria, Gram (-) diplococci

47
Q

What disease is caused by Neisseria gonnorrhoeae?

A

gonorrhea– cervicitis, urthetritis, excessive discharge

48
Q

What is the pathogenesis of gonorrhea?

A

attaches to epithelial cells of urethrea or cervix causing inflammation which leads to neutrophil infiltration which leads to pus

49
Q

What is the treatment of gonorrhea?

A

azithromycin or doxycycline

50
Q

What kind of microorganism is Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

bacteria, gram (+) cocci

51
Q

What kind of disease is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Pharyngitis (strep throat), necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating disease), rheumatic fever

52
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

bacteria uses M protein to bind and prevent phagocytosis; produces several toxin and virulent factors: 1. hyaluronidase: spreads infection to blood 2: erythrogenic toxins cause vasodilation (redness, shock) 3. Streptolysins: lyse red blood cells

53
Q

What is the treatment of diseases caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

A

penicillin to prevent rheumatic fever

54
Q

What type of organism is Streptococcus pneumonieae?

A

bacteria, Gram (+) cocci

55
Q

What disease is caused by Streptococcus pneumonieae?

A

pneumonia, bacterial meningitis

56
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pneumonia and bacterial meningitis?

A

capsules allow bacteria to attach, invade and resist phagocytosis. If not treated it can go into the blood to the CSF

57
Q

What is the treatment of pneumonia and bacterial meningitis?

A

penicillin

58
Q

What type of microorganism is Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

bacteria, Gram (-) spirochete

59
Q

What disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?

A

Lyme disease: tick borne infection of joints, nervous system and skin

60
Q

What is the pathogenesis of lyme disease?

A

Bacteria enters during tick blood meal
Stage 1: erythema migrans lesion at bite site
Stage 2: bacteria spreads to blood to multiple erythema migrans
Stage 3: spreads to joints and nervous system leading to inflammation

61
Q

What is the treatment of lyme disease?

A

amoxycillin, doxycylcine (antibiotics)

62
Q

What type of organism is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Bacteria, Gram (+) rod

63
Q

What disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

tuberculosis: lung infection with tubercles, persistent cough with blood and sputum

64
Q

What is the pathogenesis of tuberculosis?

A

Bacteria inhaled and penetrate alveoli, macrophages phagocytize but bacteria replicate inside (myolic acid), formation of tubercules causing lung damage

65
Q

What is the treatment of tuberculosis?

A

Isoniazid, Ethambutal, Rifampin (antibiotics against Mycobacterium)

66
Q

What kind of bacteria is Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

bacteria, no cell wall, flask shape

67
Q

What disease is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

atypical pneumonia “walking pneumonia”

68
Q

What is the pathogenesis of atypical pneumonia?

A

bacteria is inhaled and bind to ciliated epithelial cells using P1 protein; bacteria secretes H2O2 and toxins which causes ciliostasis (sloughing of cells)

69
Q

What is the treatment for atypical pneumonia?

A

erythromyocin or tetracycline (non cell wall antibiotics)

Microbiology Diseases unit 1 (1 decks)

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