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APUSH > Unit "2": European Colonization in North America Vocab > Flashcards

Unit "2": European Colonization in North America Vocab Flashcards

To learn the vocabulary of this unit.

1
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A

French explorer that settled Quebec in what is now Canada in 1608; played a key role in colonization of New France, he made alliances with local Natives

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2
Q

New England Colonies

A

RHODE ISLAND, MASSACHUSETTS, Conneticut and New Hampshire

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3
Q

Quebec

A

Important to APUSH because it is part of New France, established by Samuel de Champlain (1608)

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4
Q

French Goals

A

More interested in trade than conquest, had good relationships with Natives through marrying native women, few men compared to SPA. and ENG so natives maintained more control and recieved more respect

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5
Q

Henry Hudson

A

English explorer who sailed for the Dutch, he sailed up the “Hudson River” and setlles New Amsterdam, which later becomes New York (1624)

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6
Q

Dutch Colonies

A

The Dutch were the same as the French execpt they were less likely to marry native women

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7
Q

“Sea Dogs”

A

The queen of England was content not settling in the New World because her Sea Dogs stole all the goods from Spanish ships who basically did all the work for them

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8
Q

Roanoke Island

A

Was England’s first attempt at a colony in (1587) but it FAILED, it was supposed to be a resupply point for her sea dogs. After this failure English interest in colonies declined and it was harder to raise money for it

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9
Q

Jamestown

A

First succesful English colony (1607) Sucessful thank to John Rolfe sneaking some tobacco to grow and marrying Pocahontas for peace and to John Smith: “He who shall not work shall not eat.”

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10
Q

Joint-Stock Company

A

Business organization in which multiple people invested to divide the risk and the reward. Ex. Instead of one person investing 10vmillion, 20 people invest 500,000

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11
Q

Virginia Company

A

One of the very first joint-stock companies; funded Jamestown

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12
Q

Pilgrim

A

Refers to a New England Seperatist who travelled in the Mayflower intending to settle the Plymouth Colony (New England)

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13
Q

Plymouth

A

One of the first sucessful English colonies, became self sufficient and established and set a precedent for self government (1620)

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14
Q

May Flower Compact

A

A document outlining the democratic government to be used by the pilgrims; first democratic document in the New World!

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15
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

Settled under John Winthtop, Puritan “city on a hill” (1629)

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16
Q

City on a Hill

A

John Winthrop wanted the Massachusetts Bay Colony to be this; an example of what a religious society Purified from catholic tendancies could look like; a shining example

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17
Q

Roger Williams

A

Beleived in religious freedom and seperation of church and state. Was exiled from Massachusetts Bay and founded Providence as a religious refure (1683)

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Exiled from Massachusetts Bay for questioning Puritan church and preaching bible as a woman. Founded Portsmouth, another religious refuge.

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19
Q

Where are Portsmouth and Providence today?

A

They will become Rhode Island

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20
Q

Where are Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay today?

A

They will become Massachusetts

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21
Q

Puritan

A

The Puritans were non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England

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22
Q

Seperatist

A

Lost hope in Church of England, thought it was too far gone and wanted to form their own church

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23
Q

New England Economy

A

Rellied on fishing, ship, building and trading. Because of the cold climate and poor soil agriculture was limited only to family, so slaves were never really in demand either.

24
Q

New England Society

A

Most were from England, because it was founded by Pilgrims it was religiously strict; little racial or religious diversity, mostly family units

25
Q

Middle Colonies

A

NEW YORK, PENNSYLVANIA, New Jersey, Delaware

26
Q

New York

A

Named New York after New Amsterdam is seized from the Dutch by the English and the King gives it to his brother James, The Duke of York

27
Q

Pennsylvania

A

Founded by William Penn. Liberal and accepting colony; disliked slavery, women could preach, “everyone has God in them so everyone should be treated equally(ish), Jews and Catholics could not hold office

28
Q

William Penn

A

Land where Pennsylvania was established was given to him as payment for a debt the Crown owed his father, he was a QuakerQ

29
Q

Quaker

A

Religious Society of Friends, dissenters, less inclined to be violent they were pacifists, viewed natives as PEOPLE, quake (shake) during intense religious practices.

30
Q

Propietary Colonies

A

Colonies owned by an individual instead of the Crown or a business. Followed the set by their owner.
-New York = James, the Duke of York
-Delaware = Lord De La Warr
-Pennsylvania = WIlliam Penn

31
Q

Middle Colonies Economy

A

The middling climate allowed the growth of cereal crops for break hence “breakbasket colonies”

32
Q

Breakbasket Colonies

A

The middle colonies, who produced lots of bread

33
Q

Middle Colony Society

A

Immigrants from Europe, colonies like Pennsylvania offered religious freedom for Catholics and Jews, the greatest cultural and religious diversity

34
Q

Southern Colonies

A

Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia

35
Q

Chattel

A

Term for african slaves, defining them as property, they could be murdered or beaten with no repurcussions

36
Q

Southen Economy

A

Depended on cash crops, (Tobacco saved Jamestown and helped England establish itself in the New World) Depended on indentunred servants and then slaves

37
Q

Cash crops

A

Crops grown to be sold (tobacco, sugar, cotton)

38
Q

Intentured Servitude

A

People who could not afford their passage to the New World had somone else pay for it and in exchange they would work on their land there for a set time (usually 7yrs) and then become free and receive a tiny bit of land

39
Q

Transatlantic Slave Trade

A

Filled demand for labor in the south; as land to give away ran out indentured servitude led to more slavery

40
Q

Transatlantic Trade (Triangle Trade)

A

Trade routh connecting America, Europe, and Africa. Exchange of of rum, sugar, slaves, ideas and more

41
Q

Mercantalism

A

An economic system that focused on growing a nation’s wealth by exporting easily produced goods in exchange for limited imports. Colonies only purpose was to gain wealth for the mother country

42
Q

Navigation Acts (1650/1660?)

A

Trade to and from other countries could only be done by English crews and ships, valuable items like toabacco could only be trades with England allowing them to keep their wealth

43
Q

Consumer Revolution

A

People started buying more things and your money and lifestlye were a sign of your success, not your family name.

44
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

led by Nathaniel Bacon, a group of indentured servants desiring more land wanted to remove neighboring native tribes. Governer of VA. William Berkeley refused to help so after they were done with the natives they turned on him lighting his plantations and Jamestown on fire

45
Q

Effects of Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Because of a lack of land for the indentured servants that are being freed and a fear of uprisings England starts relying HEAVILY on slaves. Bacon’s Rebellion is basically what kickstarted slavery and ended indentured servitude in the new world.

46
Q

Spanish/Native Conflict

A

Pope’s Rebellion, succeeded (the only one to ever succeed) but the Spanish came back 12 years later, however they made accomodations for some more stability this time

47
Q

English/Native Conflict

A

Mostly peaceful to start but as demand for land among the English grew, boundary tensions arose

48
Q

African Slavery: 1619, 1662, 1667

A

First slave arrives in Virginia, Children inhereit their motheir slave status, Africans baptized into christianit were no longer protected from slavery

48
Q

Secret Resistance

A

Maintaned cultural beliefs in secret, broke tools and sabotages crops

49
Q

Stono Rebellion (1739)

A

Group of slaves marched along Stono River with stolen guns killing colonists and burning plantations. Slaves outnumbered colonists here, open rebellion

50
Q

Salutary Neglect aka Benign Neglect

A

Because of constantly changing kings, events in Europe and the long distance made enforcement of laws in colonies inconsistent

51
Q

Englightenment

A

Emphazised rational and scientific thinking over religious destiny and superstition -the king was not chosen by god…

52
Q

Two Treatises of Government by John Locke (1689)

A

All people have natural rights given to them by a creator; life liberty and property; these were not given by men and cannot be taken away; government can only exist with the consent of the people

53
Q

The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau

A

The people have the power but willingly give up some of it to a government that will represent their natural rights

54
Q

The Great Awakening

A

Regligous revival in 1700’s

55
Q

George Whitfield

A

Popular orator during Great Awakening, would draw couds of thousands

APUSH (6 decks)

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