unit 1 outcome 2 - Circulatory System

Question 1

Circulatory system consists of

Answer 1

heart
Blood vessels
Blood

Question 2

Types of blood vessels

Answer 2

Arteries: main transporters of oxygenated blood
Arterioles: diameter is adjusted to regulate blood flow
Capillaries: diffusion occurs across thin walls

Question 3

Arteries

Answer 3

carry blood away form the heart
Usually oxygenated blood
Withstand high pressure when the heart contracts - the further away the blood flows the lower pressure
Layers of smooth muscle - contract or relax
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Arteries branch off into smaller arteries ( arterioles)

Question 4

Capillaries

Answer 4

hair thickness - microscopic
Thin walled
Enable the exchange of gases and nutrients

Question 5

Veins

Answer 5

return blood to the heart
Blood in veins has no pressure- little movement
Therefore need assistance in returning blood to the heart, esecialy against gravity

Question 6

Red blood cells

Answer 6

contains haemoglobin
Removes carbon dioxide
Oxygen attaches to the haemoglobin
This is how oxygen is transported around the body

Question 7

why is it good to increase Haemoglobin

Answer 7

Increasing haemoglobin increases the bloods ability to carry oxygen which means there is more oxygen available to resynthesises ATP which mean that you can work harder, faster and longer

Question 8

Legal ways to increase haemoglobin

Answer 8

the most ethical way of achieving an increase in haemoglobin is to train. You could train at altitude or in an oxygen chamber

Question 9

Illegal ways to increase haemoglobin

Answer 9

blood doping

EPO

Question 10

White blood Cells

Answer 10

absorb, digest and fight infection

Linked to immunity

Question 11

Platelets

Answer 11

when platelets come in contact with air- they form a clot

Are found in bone marrow

Question 12

Plasma

Answer 12

clear watery substance that accounts for approximately 50% of blood
Solid parts of blood are held within the plasma

Question 13

Effect of exercise - heart rate

Answer 13

heart rate: the amount of beats per minuet
When we exercise we need more oxygen to combine with food to release energy to “ recharge the muscles- so that it can keep contracting
the fore with exercise heart rate increases
Rest 70 beats per minute
Exercise up to 200 beats per minuet

Question 14

Effect of exercise - stroke volume

Answer 14

stoke volume; the amount of blood pumped form the left ventriacal per beat

• When we exercise we need more oxygen to combine with food to release energy to “ recharge the muscles- so that it can keep contracting
• stoke volume rates increase with exersise
• Rest 70 t 100ml per beat
• Exercise up to 190ml per minuet

Question 15

Effect of exercise- cardiac output

Answer 15

• caridiac output- the amount of blood pumped form the left ventricle per minuet
  When we exercise we need more oxygen to combine with food to release energy to “ recharge the muscles- so that it can keep contracting
• therefore with exercise cardiac output increases
• Rest 5l per minuet
• Exercise up to 50l per minuet

Question 16

equation for cardiac output

Answer 16

Cardiac output(Q)= storke volume x HR

Question 17

Vasoconstiaction and vasodilation

Answer 17

blood vessels are able to dilate ( widen) and constrict ( narrow ) to redirect to flow of oxygen blood
Blood vessel dilate when exercising and others will constrict so there is a balance ( some will widen at the same time that others narrow

Question 18

Muscle pump

Answer 18

as veins are embedded within the muscles - as the muscle contracts it “squeezes” the muscle and the vein causing pressure in the vein and movement of the blood
Valves within the veins force the blood to travel in the required direction - back to the heart

Question 19

Stroke volume

Answer 19

the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle per beat

Rest 75-100ml

Question 20

Cardiac output

Answer 20

the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in a minuet
Rest 5l
Cardiac output = stroke volume x H.R

Question 21

systolic blood pressure

Answer 21

The pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out of the heart
Experienced when blood is pumped into the system from the heart, dDiastolic blood pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle relaxes, refills and therefore blood flow drops

Question 22

Blood pressure

Answer 22

measured in mmHg
The Pressure required to lift mercury a distance in millimetres 
Normal resting 120/80
- systolic 
- diastolic

Question 23

diastolic blood pressure

Answer 23

Is experienced when the heart relaxes and fils wiht blood

Question 24

Heart rate

Answer 24

the number of beats in one minuet

Although considered involuntary you are able to “control” you heart rate

Question 25

Valves

Answer 25

allow blood to flow in one direction only
Valves are between the atria and ventricles bi cuspid and Tri cuspid valves
And between the LV and the aorta

Question 26

Septum

Answer 26

divides the heart into left and right
Left side oxygenated
Right side deoxygenated
Kids - hole in the heart

Question 27

Ventricels

Answer 27

- inferior ( lower) chambers 
Left and right 
- Pump blood ( to the body lungs) 
- Left side - oxygenated ( to body cells) 
- Right side - deoxygenated ( to lungs)

Question 28

Pulmanat vs systemic veins

Answer 28

s = oxygen to body

Question 29

Atria

Answer 29

superior ( upper) chambers
Left and right
Receive blood ( back from body and lungs)
Left side ( oxygenated - back from lungs)
Right Side ( deoxygenated - back from body)

Question 30

Heart

Answer 30

Being a muscle it can only
contract - pump blood
Relax - fill up with blood

Question 31

Function

Answer 31

delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cell
Removes wastes from cell ( co2)
Maintains body temperature

Question 32

the heart

Answer 32

muscular pump
Superior - atria - receiving chambers - upper
Inferior- ventricles - pumping chambers - lower
Left side - oxygenated
Tight side - unoxygenated

Question 33

circulation of blood through the heart

Answer 33

• picture

Question 34

how does blood maintain body temp

Answer 34

if your cold it bring it up to the skin which the enables the body to act accordingly to maintain homeostasis

Question 35

systemic system

Answer 35

oxygenated blood to body

Question 36

pulmonary system

Answer 36

deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 37

blood flow through the heart

Answer 37

in head

Question 38

structure of the heart

Answer 38

in head

Question 39

function of the circulatory system

Answer 39

delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cell
Removes wastes from cell ( co2)
Maintains body temperature