unit 1 outcome 2 - respiratory system

Question 1

what does the respiratory system consist of?

Answer 1

nasal cavity 
Larynx
pharynx 
Trachea 
Bronchi

Question 2

what are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

warms 
Fliters air 
Moistens air 
Delivers oxygen to lungs 
Changes air to gas

Question 3

Breathing in

Answer 3

intercostal muscles (around the ribs )
Diaphragm ( under lungs)
Both of these muscles contract during inspiration
This increases the area of the chest cavity
Chest cavity expands
Pressure in chest lowers and there is high pressure in the outside air

Question 4

Breathing out

Answer 4

intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Both muscles relax expiration
This decreases the area of the chest cavity
Increases pressure in the chest cavity
This means that the air will move out because of the pressure gradient

Question 5

how does air travel?

Answer 5

Air travels from high to low pressure

Question 6

whats another word for breathing in?

Answer 6

inspiration

Question 7

whats another word for breathing out?

Answer 7

expiration

Question 8

the lungs

Answer 8

Left has 2 sections
Right has 3 section
Alveoli ( alveolus is single) - site of gas exchange - where the oxygen goes into the blood stream and the carbon dioxide comes out

Question 9

Important feature of the gas exchange surface

Answer 9

• large surface area
• Very thin
• Moist lining ( allows gas to - - dissolve and diffuse
• Good blood supply
• Good ventilation

Question 10

What feature of the lung make gas exchange efficient:

Answer 10

The exchange surface has a large surface area, provided by a large number of alveoli, the surface is only one cell thick and it supplied with blood by a very dense capillary network.

Question 11

air content ration

Answer 11

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Carbon dioxide - 1%

Question 12

Gaseous exchange

Answer 12

same Principe of the pressure gradient applies
Whence breathe in - high concentration of oxygen un the lungs- alveoli
The blood in the capillaries has returned from the body and therefore has a low concentration of oxygen
High pressure moves towards low pressure
As the walls of both the alveoli and capillaries are thin and gases can pass though we get a movement of oxygen into the blood

Question 13

Carbon dioxide

Answer 13

The same applies for other gases - carbon dioxide
When there is a high concentration- in the blood returning from the cells and a low concentration in the air in the lung in 1%

Question 14

A-V o2 diff

Answer 14

artery venous oxygen difference
The difference in the oxygen content of the blood in the arteries and veins
In other words- how much oxygen the muscle has used
At rest the a-v02 diff is approx. 5 ml of oxygen per 100ml of blood
it will increase during exercise because the muscles need to rebuild ATP more quickly. Oxygen and food provide energy to rebuild ATP
Exercise: can use unto 18 ml of oxygen

Question 15

Tidal volume-

Answer 15

the amount of air taken in or breathed out in one breathe

Obviously the amount increases with the amount of exercise performed

Question 16

Vital capacity-

Answer 16

the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled in one breath

Question 17

Residual volume

Answer 17

the amount of air that always remains in the system- approx. 1L

Question 18

equation for the total lung capacity

Answer 18

V.C + residential volume = Total lung capacity

Question 19

Ventilation-

Answer 19

the amount of air taken in( or out) of the respiratory system per minuet

Question 20

Ventilation equation

Answer 20

Ventilation= T.V x R.R

Question 21

Effect of exercise

Reparation rate-

Answer 21

the amount of breathes per minuet
Tidal volume - the amount of air breather in or out per breath
When we exercise we need more oxygen to combine with food to release energy to “recharge the muscles- so that it can keep contracting
therefore with exercise respiration rtes increase
Rest: 12-18 per minute
Exercise 35-50 per minuets

Question 22

Effect of exercise - Tidal volume-

Answer 22

the amount od air breathed in or out per breathe
When we exercise we need more oxygen to combine with food to release energy to “recharge the muscles- so that it can keep contracting
therefore with exercise the tidal volume rates increase
Rest 500ml
Exercise is 2-3L

Question 23

Effect of exercise - Ventilation

Answer 23

is the amount of air breather in or out in a minuet
When we exercise we need more oxygen to combine with food to release energy to recharge the muscle so it can keep contracting
therefore with exercise ventilation rates increase
Rest; 5l/min
Exercise: up to 150L/ min