Unit 1 Practice Vocab

Question 1

the scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment

Answer 1

ecology

Question 2

when a population exhibits negative populations growth below this level, due to an Allee effect

Answer 2

mvp

Question 3

the time between the birth of a female and the birth of its “average” offspring

Answer 3

Generation time (G)

Question 4

the life table created when birth and survival are followed in a population for all individuals of all ages over a short time period

Answer 4

static life table

Question 5

variation in population growth rates arising from chance effects of the environment

Answer 5

environmental stochasticity

Question 6

the actual reproductive output in a given environment

Answer 6

fertility

Question 7

the effects of density are negligible near the carrying capacity but become increasingly greater at lower or higher population densities

Answer 7

density vague

Question 8

the term for species that reproduce only once during their lifetimes

Answer 8

semelparous

Question 9

the spacing of individuals with respect to one another

Answer 9

dispersion

Question 10

when a severe decline in population size lowers genetic variation and makes a population susceptible to environmental stochasticity

Answer 10

genetic bottleneck

Question 11

local density is determined by the number of new individuals that arrive at the size, rather than local effects of density

Answer 11

supply-side

Question 12

when technological advances increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, late in the 1960s

Answer 12

green revolution

Question 13

the study of the age structure and growth rate of populations

Answer 13

demography

Question 14

an English demographer who noted the potential for populations to increase rapidly, often faster than the available food supply

Answer 14

Malthus

Question 15

variation in population growth rates arising from differences among individuals in survival and reproduction

Answer 15

demographic stochasticity

Question 16

reproductive output under ideal conditions, limited by genetics, not the environment

Answer 16

fecundity

Question 17

the number of offspring each pair of adults should have to maintain a stable population size

Answer 17

replacement rate

Question 18

the geographic and ecological range of a population

Answer 18

distribution

Question 19

competition within species

Answer 19

intraspecific

Question 20

competition between different species

Answer 20

interspecific

Question 21

a group of (interbreeding) individuals found in the same space or area at the same time (must include area and time in definition)

Answer 21

population

Question 22

Who said: the population of earth doubles every 64 years.

Answer 22

doubling time. graunt

Question 23

moving to a different population

Answer 23

immigration

Question 24

moving into a different population

Answer 24

emigration

Question 25

transitioning from high birth rates and high death rates to ones with low both

Answer 25

demographic transition

Question 26

the number of individuals in relation to the space or volume in which they occur

Answer 26

density

Question 27

the spacing of individuals in relation to one another

Answer 27

dispersion

Question 28

intrinsic rate of increase

Answer 28

r

Question 29

doesn’t experience the movement of individuals between different populations

Answer 29

closed population

Question 30

experiences the movement of individuals between different populations

Answer 30

open population

Question 31

individuals in a population are relatively independent in terms of when they are born, reproduce, and die. This results in overlapping generations

Answer 31

continuous growth

Question 32

all individuals pass through life stages at the same time, often common in organisms affected by seasons

Answer 32

discrete growth

Question 33

individuals in a population are relatively independent in terms of when they are born, reproduce, and die. This results in

Answer 33

overlapping generations

Question 34

multiplicative (per generation) growth rate. It is primarily used for populations that have discrete growth patterns

Answer 34

R0

Question 35

As the lag x r increases, the population will first have damped oscillations, then fixed oscillations, then 2-point oscillations, then

Answer 35

chaos

Question 36

is the probability of surviving from one age class to the next

Answer 36

px

Question 37

is the probability of surviving from birth to each age class

Answer 37

lx

Question 38

average births per individual of an age

Answer 38

mx

Question 39

birth and death of age classes

Answer 39

cohort life table

Question 40

If survivorship and fertility stay constant, then the % of individuals in each age class stabilize

Answer 40

stable age distribution

Question 41

term for species that reproduce multiple times in their lives

Answer 41

iteroparous

Question 42

body tissue that is not reproductive

Answer 42

soma