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ap gov & politics > unit 1 - vocab & more > Flashcards

unit 1 - vocab & more Flashcards

1
Q

limited government

A

government shouldn’t do much - only what the citizens cannot do

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2
Q

natural rights

A

rights that are given to you at birth - john locke believed in this greatly

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3
Q

john locke

A

believed in natural rights and freedom, the “father of liberalism”

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4
Q

social contract

A

the idea of sacrificing some freedoms for a federal government

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5
Q

popular sovereignty

A

government based on the consent of the people

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6
Q

the “grand committee”

A

consisted of madison, hamilton, & others. created the blueprint for the constitution

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7
Q

declaration of independence

A

a document stating that the US was free from Britain and the king

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8
Q

articles of confederation

A

the original constitution that gave the states too much power

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9
Q

preamble

A

the introduction to the constitution that states the reason for the document

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10
Q

US constitution

A

a document stating the supreme law of the united states

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11
Q

representative democracy

A

a democracy where the government is based on elected representatives

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12
Q

participatory democracy

A

a democracy broad participation in politics and society

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13
Q

pluralist democracy

A

a democracy with group-based activism and factions

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14
Q

elite democracy

A

a democracy where only the “important” and rich have a say in the government

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15
Q

federalist 10

A

a document defending the republic the constitution suggests

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16
Q

brutus 1

A

an antifederalist document stating that the constitution gives too much power to the federal government

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17
Q

federalists

A

believed in the ratification of the constitution - advocated for a strong central government

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18
Q

anti federalists

A

did not want the constitution ratified - advocated for decentralized government

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19
Q

central government

A

type of government that is a controlling power over a large area

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20
Q

reserved powers

A

powers given to the states

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21
Q

republic

A

a form of government where power is held by the people and their elected officials

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22
Q

factions

A

a small group with shared interests

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23
Q

shays’ rebellion

A

a Massachusetts rebellion against high taxes and debt

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24
Q

virginia plan

A

large states. a single executive is chosen by legislature with proportional representation

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25
Q

new jersey plan

A

small states. each state gets one vote n the national legislature

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26
Q

great compromise

A

the house - based off population

the senate - 1 vote per state

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27
Q

3/5 compromise

A

slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person in determining numbers for the house and taxation

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28
Q

slave trade compromise

A

no ban on slave trade for 20 years

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29
Q

ex post facto law

A

a criminal statute that punishes actions retroactively

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30
Q

bill of attainder

A

imposing punishment on someone without a trial

31
Q

electoral college

A

a set of electors that come together every four years to select candidates in offices.

32
Q

statute

A

a law created by the legislative body.

33
Q

mcculloch vs maryland

A

a court case that involved the necessary and proper clause. states not able to tax national bank.

34
Q

united states vs lopez

A

a court case that involved the commerce clause. national gov. is not able to control guns in school

35
Q

article IV

A

outlines the relationship between states

36
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

states within the US have to respect the laws and records of other states

37
Q

privileges and immunities clause

A

citizens within each state shall have the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states

38
Q

amendment process

A

(26 out of 27) - 2/3 vote of both houses, 3/4 of state legislatures (1 out of 27) - constitutional convention, 3/4 of state legislatures

39
Q

article V

A

how to amend the constitution

40
Q

article VI

A

national law has supremacy over states

41
Q

supremacy clause

A

in article VI, national law has supremacy over states

42
Q

article VII

A

ratification of the constitution

43
Q

ratification

A

the act of signing a document to make it official and valid

44
Q

checks and balances

A

a system in the US that ensures no branch of gov. becomes too powerful

45
Q

separation of powers

A

the separation of the judicial, executive, and legislative branches

46
Q

federalist 51

A

a document stating that no branch will become too powerful because of checks and balances, James Madison

47
Q

tyranny of the majority

A

a weakness of majority rules in where the majority opinion is at the expense of the minority

48
Q

multiple policy access points

A

separation of powers allows for multiple access points to change public policy

49
Q

impeachment

A

a charge against a public official for misconduct. if the house accepts the charge, they are considered impeached

50
Q

exclusive powers

A

powers reserved to the federal gov

51
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers delegated to both federal and state govs.

52
Q

federal balance of power

A

federalism

53
Q

dual federalism

A

power divided between states and federal government in clearly divided terms

54
Q

layer cake federalism

A

power divided between states and federal government in clearly divided terms

55
Q

cooperative federalism

A

state and federal power overlapping and sharing powers

56
Q

marble cake federalism

A

state and federal power overlapping and sharing powers

57
Q

fiscal federalism

A

the federal gov. giving grants to state govs.

58
Q

grants

A

money from the federal government given to states

59
Q

conditions of aid

A

federal rules that states must follow if they choose to receive the grants

60
Q

revenue sharing

A

the distribution of a portion of federal tax revenues to state governments

61
Q

mandates

A

a rule that the state government must do

62
Q

clean air act (1970)

A

intended to reduce pollution nationwide

63
Q

americans with disabilities act (1990)

A

law that says you may not discriminate based on disabiity

64
Q

categorical grants

A

grants that can only be spent on one defined purpose

65
Q

block grants

A

grants that can be spent on one broad purpose

66
Q

tenth amendment

A

the powers not delegated to the US federal gov are reserved to the states

67
Q

commerce clause

A

the federal government has complete power over anything to do with commerce

68
Q

necessary and proper clause

A

the federal government has the right to make any laws deemed proper/necessary

69
Q

enumerated powers

A

powers executed by the federal government

70
Q

implied powers

A

powers that are given to the United States government that aren’t stated in the Constitution

71
Q

inherent powers

A

powers that are given to the President of the United States that are not specified in the Constitution

72
Q

state sovereignty

A

one centralized government that has sovereignty over an area

73
Q

supreme court of US

A

the highest federal court of the US

ap gov & politics (1 decks)

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