Unit 1.1 & 1.2

Question 1

Psychobabble

Answer 1

explain why someone is behaving the way they do

Question 2

Theoretical Explanation

Answer 2

explanation for a psychological phenomenon, linked to empirical investigation

• a statement used to organize, summarize, and explain observations
• can be used to make predictions
• not like laws of science
• theories are probable, but not certain
• always open to some degree of doubt

Question 3

Empirical Investigation

Answer 3

when a researcher collects and analyzes data in order to investigate a psychological phenomenon

• Research can be observed and measured
• A theory might result from an empirical investigation

Question 4

Psychology

Answer 4

scientific study of mental processes and behaviors and how these are affected by internal processes and the environment

Question 5

Level of analysis: Biological

Answer 5

Focuses on physiology and genetics

Question 6

Level of analysis: Cognitive

Answer 6

Focuses on mental processes like memory, thinking, and perception

Question 7

Level of analysis: Sociocultural

Answer 7

Focuses on how environment and culture affects behavioral thinking

Question 8

Critical Thinking

Answer 8

The ability and willingness to asses claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well supported reasons and evidence

Question 9

Aim

Answer 9

Purpose of study

Question 10

Target Population

Answer 10

Group whose behavior the researcher wishes to investigate

Question 11

Procedure

Answer 11

Step-by-step process used by the researcher to carry out the study

Question 12

Findings

Answer 12

states how the researcher interpreted the data that was collected

Question 13

Sample

Answer 13

nature of the group of participants, important in determining the usefulness of a piece of information

Question 14

Opportunity Sampling

Answer 14

whoever happens to be there and agrees to participate

Question 15

Representative Sample

Answer 15

sample that represents population

Question 16

Self-Selected Sampling

Answer 16

made up of volunteers

-relatively easy to obtain, will be highly motivated

Question 17

Snowball Sampling

Answer 17

when participants recruit other participants from among their friends or acquaintances

Question 18

Participant variability

Answer 18

extent in which participants may share a common set of traits that can bias the outcome of the study

Question 19

Random Sampling

Answer 19

Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 20

Stratified Sampling

Answer 20

Drawing random samples from each subpopulation within the target population

Question 21

Ethics in psychological studies

Answer 21

Participants should be treated in an ethical matter following the ethical guidelines:

• informed consent
• deception
• debriefing
• withdrawal
• confidentiality
• Protection from physical and mental harm

Question 22

Validity

Answer 22

another way to discuss findings by considering whether the research does what it claims to do

Question 23

Reliability

Answer 23

When a study can be replicated

Question 24

Generalizability

Answer 24

behaviors observed in a random sample are assumed to be representative of those in a larger population