Unit 1.1.3 - Over the Lifespan

Question 1

Attachment types according to Mary Ainsworth

Answer 1

• Secure
• Insecure-resistant
• Insecure-avoidant
• Insecure-disorganised

Question 2

Secure attachment

Answer 2

• Positive relationship between caregiver + child
• Confident when parent is present
• Mild distress when parent leaves
• Needs are consistently met

Question 3

Insecure attachment

Answer 3

• Inconsistent behaviour towards caregiver
• Needs met inconsistently
• Don’t seek comfort from caregiver

Question 4

Insecure-resistant

Answer 4

• Anxious when playing even around caregiver
• Angry when caregiver leaves
• Aren’t particularly comforted by the return
• Don’t use caregiver as base to explore

Question 5

Insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer 5

• Seek little contact with caregiver while playing
• Aren’t particularly distressed when caregiver leaves
• When reunited may be distant
• Cry often

Question 6

Insecure-disorganised attachment

Answer 6

• Inconsistent behaviour towards caregiver
• Lack of consistent care/emotional support from caregiver early in life

Question 7

Strengths of Piaget’s theory

Answer 7

• Inspired more studies
• Large impact on educational practice

Question 8

Weaknesses of Piaget’s theory

Answer 8

• Underestimated children’s cognitive development
• Some overly complicated experiments
• Biased observations (his own children)

Question 9

Adaptation

Answer 9

• Taking in, processing, organising + using new info
• Enabling us to adjust to change in our enviro

Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

• Cognitive process
• Taking a new concept + fitting it into a pre-existing mental idea/structure

Question 11

Accomodation

Answer 11

• Changing/adjusting existing ideas to deal with new situations

Question 12

Schema

Answer 12

• Pre-existing mental idea of what something is + how to act on it
• Formed through assimilation + accomodation

Question 13

Stages of Piaget’s theory

Answer 13

• Sensorimotor
• Pre-operational
• Concrete operational
• Formal operational

Question 14

Sensorimotor stage (Piaget)

Answer 14

• 0-2 years
• Develop object permanence
• Perform goal-directed behaviour

Question 15

Pre-operational stage (Piaget)

Answer 15

• 2-7 years
• Start egocentric
• Overcome centration
• Learn to understand reversibility

Question 16

Concrete operational stage (Piaget)

Answer 16

• 7-12 years
• Develop understanding of conservation
• Develop classification skill
• Able to perform simple mental operations

Question 17

Formal operational stage (Piaget)

Answer 17

• 12+ years
• Ability to produce abstract thought
• Ability to use logic + reason

Question 18

Observational learning

Answer 18

• Development of new behaviours
• Result of observing others actions + the consequences of them

Question 19

Modelling

Answer 19

• Form of learning
• When someone observes the behaviour of others + replicates it

Question 20

Theory of mind

Answer 20

Ability to understand mental states, beliefs, experiences and emotions of themself + others

Question 21

Emotional intelligence

Answer 21

• One’s ability to monitor their own + other’s emotions
• Ability to use this info to guide their thoughts + behaviours

Question 22

Attachment

Answer 22

The bond between an infant + their primary caregiver

Question 23

Bandura’s social learning theory

Answer 23

• People learn through observation, imitation, and modelling of others behaviours
• Highlights the role of cognitive processes in the learning process