Unit 1.3 & 1.4

Question 1

Dependent Variable

Answer 1

variable that is measured after the manipulation of the independent variable

Question 2

Experimental Hypothesis

Answer 2

predicts relationship b/w independent and dependent variable

-what we expect will come out of the manipulation of the independent variable

Question 3

Null Hypothsis

Answer 3

states that independent variable will have no effect on dependent variable, or that any change in the independent variable will be due to chance

Question 4

Independent Variable

Answer 4

variable that causes a change in the other variable

-researcher deliberately manipulates this variable

Question 5

Laboratory Experiments

Answer 5

experiment conducted under highly controlled conditions

Question 6

Field Experiment

Answer 6

experiment takes place in a natural environment, but researchers still manipulate variables

Question 7

Natural Experiment

Answer 7

experiment where researchers have no control over variables

-they are naturally occurring

Question 8

Confounding Variables

Answer 8

undesirable variables that influence the relationship between the independent & dependent variables

Question 9

Demand Characteristics

Answer 9

when the participants act differently simply b/c they know that they are in an experiment.
-may also try to guess aim of study (known as Hawthorne effect)

Question 10

Researcher bias

Answer 10

observer bias: when the experimenter sees what he or she is looking for
-expectations of the researcher consciously or unconsciously affect the findings of the study

Question 11

Participant variability

Answer 11

when the characteristics of the sample affect the dependent variable

Question 12

Positive correlation

Answer 12

when both variables are affected in the same way

-as x increases, y increases

Question 13

Negative correlation

Answer 13

as one variable increases, the other decreases

Question 14

Deductive Approach

Answer 14

a hypothesis that is tested against empirical evidence so that it is either accepted or rejected

Question 15

Inductive Approach

Answer 15

when the variables are not defined in advance, but the researcher first gathers data and sees what it could mean

Question 16

Experimental vs. non-experimental

Answer 16

Experimental: emphasizes reliability, validity, replicability, and generalizability
Non-experimental: gathers data that is qualitative (surveys)

Question 17

Interviews

Answer 17

way of collecting qualitative data

Question 18

Observations

Answer 18

Data collection method which aims to describe behavior without trying to establish cause and effect relationships

Question 19

Case study

Answer 19

Method that involves taking a patients personal history in order to make a diagnosis