Unit 1A Test Practice Flashcards
What is artificial selection?
humans decide which organisms get to breed based entirely on how useful or desired their traits are to humans.
What determines who lives to reproduce in natural selection:
What determines who lives to reproduce in artificial selection:
Natural selection: Nature itself/ the environment
Artificial selection: Humans
Is natural selection random? If not, what aspect is random?
NO, natural selection is not random as it is predictable and observable. But mutations are!
Who were Charles Lyell and James Hutton? What were they known for?
Both were Scottish geologists, Hutton was the first to discover and coin the term Uniformitarianism. But his work was ignored by the public at large. Lyell rediscovered this and brought forth evidence proving the Earth is ancient.
Competition
Not all babies will survive, some will be more successful than others.
Variation
Replication is not perfect, offspring will always have differences that arose during the copying process.
Replication
Making copies of self either through duplication or reproduction
What three elements are key to understanding evolution, specifically Darwin’s theory of evolution?
Replication, Competition, Variation.
What are the four forces of evolution?
Genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and natural selection.
What is the question(s) evolutionary theory is trying to answer?
“Why do animals look and behave the way they do” and/or “how did animals come into being”
What is holism?
Taking everything into account when exploring a specific discipline.
Who was Jean Lamarck?
French naturalist from the 18th century. Closely related to the theory of inherited acquired characteristics also known as Lamarckism.
Carolus Linneaus
Swedish naturalist from the 18th century. Systema Naturae was a taxonomy book in which he organized all animals into tiers based on how similar they were to other organisms. Each species was given a genus name and a species name. Species with the same genus were more closely related than species in another genus. He later added more and more categories, and species within categories are again more closely related.
What are the 5 branches of physical anthropology?
paleoanthropology, forensic anthropology, primatology, medical anthropology, and comparative biological anthropology (human diversity).
Who was Thomas Malthus? And what were the observations he made that influenced Darwin’s own theory?
Greatly influenced Darwin’s theory of evolution. Malthus made many observations that Darwin incorporated into his theory.
The observation was that food supply is limited, and members of species compete for this food supply. And no two members of a species are exactly the same.
