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Ap government Review > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bicameral legislature?

A

Where the legislature is split into two houses. In our government, that’s the House of Representatives and the Senate.

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2
Q

The House of Representatives (population)

A

They’re apportioned by the population of each state. (More populous states have more representatives)

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3
Q

The House of Representatives (Term length)

A

2 years

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4
Q

Senate (population)

A

Each state gets 2 senators, meaning 100 in total.

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5
Q

Senate (term length)

A

6 years

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6
Q

Coalitions (in congress)

A

Partnerships between Senators or between House members. House = shorter, Senate = Longer

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7
Q

Enumerated Powers of Congress

A
  1. Federal Funding
  2. Foreign Policy
  3. Military Legislation
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8
Q

Where is the enumerated powers of congress found?

A

Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution

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9
Q

Implied powers of Congress

A

Any powers that are required to carry out their enumerated powers. (Necessary & Proper clause)

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10
Q

Speaker of the House

A

An elected member of the house chosen to lead, usually belonging to the majority party.

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11
Q

Majority and Minority Leaders (House)

A

They lead their party members on voting and legislation goals

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12
Q

House whips

A

They keep their parties in line and make sure they’re voting

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13
Q

President of the Senate

A

The vice president of the United States. They’re not a voting member of congress unless there’s a tie.

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14
Q

President Pro-tempore

A

The most senior member of the majority party and they act as president of the senate when the VP is away.

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15
Q

Senate Majority Leader

A

They set the legislative agenda

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16
Q

Senate Whips

A

They keep their respective parties in check.

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17
Q

Committees

A

Small groups of legislators that draft legislation

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18
Q

Standing Committees

A

Committees that are always necessary because they legislate on issues that are always present.

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19
Q

Joint Committees

A

A committee that includes both Senate and House members

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20
Q

Select Committees

A

A temporary committee that is called together for a goal and when it’s done the committee dissolves.

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21
Q

Conference Committees

A

Committees that resolve differences between the Senate and House when it comes to bills.

22
Q

Discharge Petition (The House of Representatives)

A

This is used to force a bill out of committee for debate and voting.

23
Q

Filibuster (Senate)

A

An attempt to kill a bill by talking so the bill doesn’t get voted on.

24
Q

Cloture (Senate)

A

An agreement to end a filibuster and continue on with voting.

25
Q

Unanimous Consent

A

An agreement between senators where they agree to limit debate times to get work completed.

26
Q

Riders (in bills)

A

A provision that is added to a bill that’s not relevant to it that either benefits a party or helps the bill get voted on easier.

27
Q

Pork barrel spending

A

Money earmarked for one thing but a provision is added to give that money to another cause.

28
Q

Logrolling

A

“If you vote for my bill, I’ll vote for yours”

29
Q

Mandatory Spending

A

Payments required by law, entitlement spending

30
Q

Discretionary Spending

A

All funds remaining after mandatory spending.

31
Q

Political Polarization

A

Where the two parties have become more polar opposites over the years. (Democrats leaning heavily liberal and republicans leaning heavily conservative)

32
Q

Divided Government

A

When the president is a part of one party but Congress is a part of the other party.

33
Q

Lame duck president

A

A president whom won’t be up for reelection; therefore they’re sitting in wait for their term to be up.

34
Q

Trustee model

A

When representatives vote based on their own judgement

35
Q

Delegate Model

A

When a representative only votes in the way their constituents want.

36
Q

Politico Model

A

When a representative subscribes to both the trustee and delegate model. A mix.

37
Q

Formal powers of the President

A

Found in Article 2 of the Constitution.
1. Veto
2. Commander-in-chief of the military
3. Foreign policy

38
Q

Informal powers of the president

A
  1. Persuasion
  2. Executive orders
  3. Signing statement
  4. Executive Agreements
39
Q

Federalist 70

A

Hamilton argues for a single, strong executive. Meaning 1 president so decisions can be made more effectively

40
Q

Presidential bully pulpit

A

When the president uses their platform to persuade the nation to support their cause which pushes the other branches to vote in favor of their agenda.

41
Q

How long are the judicial appointments to the Supreme Court.

A

A lifetime appointment

42
Q

Jurisdiction

A

The kinds of cases a court can rule on.

43
Q

Original Jurisdiction

A

Where the court hears a case for the first time.

44
Q

Appellate Jurisdiction

A

Means the court heard a case that has already been decided on by a lower court but was appealed.

45
Q

Federalist 78

A

Hamilton wrote this to express the powers of the judiciary and the importance of the lifetime appointments. Also, he outlined the power of “Judicial Review “

46
Q

Activist court

A

A court that seeks to improve on issues and rarely follow precedents, rather they create new ones

47
Q

Judicial restraint

A

Where justices adhere to the idea that judges aren’t appointed to create policy but to ensure laws are constitutional. They put emphasis on precedent

48
Q

Cabinet Departments

A

Headed by people in the president’s cabinet. They’re subdivided into agencies.

49
Q

What is the bureaucracy’s job?

A

Write and enforce regulations. They also issue fines for noncompliance to their rules. They interact with congress within the Iron triangle

50
Q

What is Delegated Discretionary Authority.

A

When the agencies have no power of their own so that power is delegated to them.

51
Q

What are the seven bureaucratic agencies?

A
  1. Homeland security
  2. Transportation
  3. Veteran Affairs
  4. Education
  5. Environmental Protection
  6. Federal Elections
  7. Securities and exchange

Ap government Review (5 decks)

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