Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Excercise Science > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are 5 benefits of regular exercise?

A 
Fights heart disease
Reduces risk of high blood pressure 
Decreases body fat
Decreases LDL cholesterol 
Increases HDL cholesterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain pulmonary/systemic circulation

A

Pulmonary circulation
- the right heart pumps deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs

Systemic circulation
- the left heart pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain arteries and veins

A

Arteries
- vessels that carry blood away from heart

Veins
- vessels that carry blood toward the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the cardiac cycle

A

A series of events that occur during one heart beat

  • a phase of relation (diastole) where the heart is filling with blood
  • a phase of contraction (systole) where the heart ejects blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Diastolic/Systolic blood pressure

A

Systolic
- observed in the arteries during contraction phase

Diastolic
- observed in the arteries during relaxation phase

Blood pressure = systolic/diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an ECG

A

Electrocardiogram: measures electrical activity in the heart with a graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain cardiac output

A

The volume of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain stroke volume

A

The amount of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle in a single beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain heart rate

A

Number of times the heart contracts in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain blood pressure

A

The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hypertension

A

Persistently elevated blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is athsma

A

Spasm of smooth respiratory muscle, over secretion, and swelling of respiratory tract cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; leads to dramatic reduction in airflow in respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is VO2 max

A

Maximal oxygen uptake capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the upper chambers of the heart and how many are there

A

They are the Atria, there are two, they are known as collection chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the lower chambers of the heart, and how many are there

A

They are the ventricles, there are two, they pump blood out of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

Myocardial infarction

- blockage of normal blood flow to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Cerebrovascular accident

- blood supply to brain is cut off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Only _____ activities will increase your level of cardiorespiratory endurance

A

Only AEROBIC activities will increase your level of cardiorespiratory endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the average resting heart rate

A

Between 65-75 beats per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define nutrition.

A

Taking in foods that have different nutrients and how your body uses those nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are considered to be the essential nutrients?

A

Carbs, proteins, healthy fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much essential nutrients do we need daily?

A

Carbs: 55%
Fats: 20%
Protein: 1g per 1kg of overall weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Explain Canada's food guide groups and their servings
``` There are 4 food groups: Meat: 1-2g Dairy: 3-4g Fruit/Veg: 7-8g Grains: 6-7g ```
25
Explain the energy equation
Energy storage= energy intake - energy output
26
What are complex carbs?
Pastas, cereals, and rice
27
What are simple carbs?
Sugars and candies
28
Explain proteins
Complete: animal products, meat, dairy Incomplete: plants, nuts, beans, veggies Broken down into 22 amino acids, 9 are essential
29
Explain fats
``` Most concentrated form of energy Essential for organ protection Saturated: animal products Unsaturated: plant products Stored as subcutaneous fats ```
30
What is the glycemic index
Indicates the rate of carb digestion and its effects of blood glucose levels
31
Explain cholesterol
Fatty/lipid steroid that collects in body's tissue
32
Explain arteriosclerosis
Thickening and hardening of artery walls
33
Explain the body mass index (BMI)
Determining whether you are overweight or underweight using the energy equation
34
Explain dehydration
Affects human performance Loss of water Loss of electrolytes
35
Explain the need for water before exercise
2-3 hours before; 2-3 cups of water or drink that contains carbs 10-20 mins before: 1 cup of water
36
Explain the need for water during exercise
Sports beverage for activity over 60 minutes: 6-8% carbs | Drink 5 cups of cool fluid after each 10 mins of exercise
37
Explain the need for water after exercise
Fluid loss should be regained within 2 hours of exercise Should contain carbs Rebuild glycogen and number of electrolytes
38
What determines whether or not most individuals gain or lose weight?
The total amount of calories consumed
39
What BMI is considered to be obese?
Over 31
40
Obesity reduces life expectancy at the same rate as what?
Smoking
41
When you exercise you lose what?
Protein
42
What two essential nutrients are a source of energy?
Carbohydrates and fats
43
What is a heat cramp?
- A muscle spasm or tighten due to excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes through sweating - Short, painful muscle twitches then a total muscle cramp
44
What is heat exhaustion?
- cumulative loss of water and weakening of body's ability to regulate its internal temperature - pale, high body temp, clammy, lightheaded, unconscious
45
What is a heat stroke?
- Complete failure of the body's regulation system | - very high body temperature, headache, confusion, unconscious
46
What happens to sugar in a fit person?
The sugar goes to the muscle and it can burn it off right away, 20 minutes after eating
47
What happens to sugar in a fat person?
Sugar goes to fat and gets stored
48
What happens to cholesterol in a fit person?
HDL (good kind) cholesterol goes to the liver and gets wrapped in protein and mixes in the blood
49
What happens to cholesterol in a fat person?
cholesterol goes to the liver and gets wrapped in protein then stays in the liver as LDL (bad kind)
50
Describe a fat cell in a fit person?
Enzymes in the fat cell are more efficient therefore they will break down the fat quicker
51
What are the two different enzymes found in fat cells?
Lipogenesis and lipolysis enzymes
52
What effect does exercise have on the enzymes in fat cells?
Enzymes grow each time and each consecutive time the fat can leave quicker because of the bigger enzymes
53
In order to burn fat your muscles need____?
Oxygen
54
The three things the muscle means for combustion are:
Fats, sugar, and oxygen
55
What is the best fat burning exercise?
Something that uses big muscles, long in study for 15 minutes minimum, and being able to talk throughout the exercise
56
What is the most popular performance enhancing supplements?
Creatine
57
What is creatine known for?
It claims to be able to increase the phosphocreatine storage in muscle which increases speed, power, and strength
58
What is an example of a physiological aid?
Blood doping
59
What is blood doping?
Injecting yourself with more blood cells, thereby increasing the total volume of oxygen- carrying blood cells
60
What are three points about EPO?
- used as blood doping agents in endurance sports - improves oxygen delivery to muscles thereby improving endurance capacity - coaches and athletes can cheat the testing system
61
What are two points about anabolic steroids?
- Synthetic testosterone (hormone) | - Influences masculine characteristics
62
What are three points about altitude training?
- Live high, train low - two methods are: - environmental - hyperbolic chambers - it is illegal because you can't prove it
63
What are three points about blood doping?
- Types - Synthetic - EPO - Transfusion - Autologous: your own blood - Homologous: someone else's blood
64
What are five points about human growth hormones?
- Made by the pituitary gland in the brain - taken with anabolic steroids or other ergogenic aids - HGH releasers are legal - Production declines as you age - Makes strong bones and muscles
65
What are three points about prohormones?
- Precursor to an active hormone - Increases size, strength, and endurance - Increases the level of testosterone
66
Sports drinks contain?
Carbs and electrolytes
67
Energy drinks contain?
Caffeine
68
Two points about ephedrine
- Stimulant | - Decongestant: improved health
69
What are three points about diuretics?
- masks other drugs by decreasing their concentration - loose water weight - illegal in all sports
70
Explain the revolution of fabrics in sport
- made mostly of Lycra | - wicking properties make you cooler
71
Explain the revolution of playing surfaces in sport
- running tracks: cinder vs neoprene
72
Explain the revolution of running shoes in sport
- light - design based on the spots need - dampen muscle vibrations - reduce loss of energy
73
Explain the revolution of body suits in sport
- reduce leg muscle vibrations - reduce resistance (streamline) - muscles are compressed which improved speed of blood flow
74
What is ergonomics?
- Human factor engineering - Biotechnology - Make the human machine work well together - Drive humans to higher level of performance
75
What is resting heart rate?
of BPM
76
What is target heart rate?
of BPM you should reach during aerobic exercise to facilitate improvement
77
What is maximal heart rate?
220-age | Full cardiovascular capacity
78
What is the Borg scale of perceived exertion?
Talk test
79
What is the FITT principle
Frequency (3-5 per week) Intensity (60-90%) Time (at least 15 minutes) Type (aerobic)
80
What is one repetition maximum?
Maximal amount of weight you can lift for one rep
81
What is repetition maximum?
of times you can lift a given weight before failing
82
What is periodization?
3 major seasons (off, pre, and in seasons)
83
What is plyometrics?
Stretch reflex exercises (box jumps) | Develop strength and power
84
What is interval training?
Alternating periods of intensity within a workout
85
What is fartlek training?
Changing of speed on need and terrain
86
What is concurrent training?
Training all energy systems at the same time, but different types of training simultaneously
87
What is resistance training?
Machine or body weight
88
What is progression and Progressive overload?
Progressively increasing the overload over time, and challenging the body with different overloads to meet new demands
89
What is reversibility?
Detraining: fitness levels decline (loss of edge) | Muscle atrophy
90
What is the SAID principle?
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demand | Train for specific outcomes
91
What are diminishing returns?
A performance plateau
92
What is proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation?
Partner stretching
93
What are three successful components of drug testing?
Year around Random Unannounced

Excercise Science (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions