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American Epidemic > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Elements are

A

substances that cannot be broken down into simpler material by chemical means

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2
Q

96% of the body

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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3
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

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4
Q

orbitals

A

Hold two electrons

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5
Q

First energy shell

A

two orbitals

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6
Q

Second and outer shell

A

four orbitals

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7
Q

Molecules are

A

two or more atoms held together by sharing electrons

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8
Q

cations

A

Positive

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9
Q

anions

A

Negative

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10
Q

ionic bond

A

Cations and anions stick together

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11
Q

Covalent bond

A

Share electrons

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12
Q

double covalent bond

A

Sharing two pairs of electrons

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13
Q

non-polar covalent bonds

A

Equally shared electrons

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14
Q

polar covalent bond

A

Electrons gravitate to a pole

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15
Q

hydrogen bond

A

Holds water together

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16
Q

Water makes how much of the body

A

2/3

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17
Q

Water is a

A

polar covalent molecule

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18
Q

adhesion

A

water can stick to polar substances

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19
Q

Cohesion

A

water molecules stick together

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20
Q

solvent

A

liquid portion

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21
Q

Solute

A

dissolving portion

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22
Q

acid

A

increases H+

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23
Q

base

A

decreases H+

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24
Q

Body pH

A

7.35-7.45

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25
Q

High pH

A

base

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26
Q

Fat definition

A

is solid

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27
Q

Oil definition

A

is liquid

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28
Q

Lipid structure

A

hydrocarbon chain

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29
Q

Three types of lipids

A

Triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol

30
Q

Triglycerides structure

A

three fatty acids

31
Q

Fatty acid chains with no double bonds are referred to as

A

saturated

32
Q

monounsaturated fat

A

one double bond

33
Q

polyunsaturated fats

A

more than one double bond

34
Q

trans fat

A

Lab processed unsaturated fat

35
Q

HDL and LDL

A

lipoproteins count

36
Q

Monosaccharides

A

basic building block of carbs

37
Q

Ring structure of monosaccharides occurs when

A

dissolved in water

38
Q

Fructose, galactose, and glucose

A

monosaccharides

39
Q

Glucose + fructose =

A

sucrose

40
Q

Glucose + glucose =

A

maltose

41
Q

Glucose + galactose =

A

lactose

42
Q

Glycogen, fiber

A

complex carbs

43
Q

Fat calories

A

9 per gram

44
Q

Protein and carb calories

A

4 per gram

45
Q

Building blocks of protein

A

Amino acids

46
Q

Essential amino acids

A

9

47
Q

Body makes /20 amino acids

A

11

48
Q

Two categories of vitamins

A

Water soluble and fat soluble

49
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

50
Q

plasma membrane

A

Cell membrane

51
Q

Cell membrane is mostly

A

phospholipid bilayer

52
Q

Cell membrane is selectively

A

permeable

53
Q

50/50% of cell membrane

A

Proteins and lipids

54
Q

Transport proteins

A

Channels

55
Q

Transport proteins

A

Channels

56
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Carry molecules

57
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalysts

58
Q

Enzymes

A

Catalysts

59
Q

Which way does passive transport go

A

From high concentration to low concentration

60
Q

diffusion

A

Molecules that cross simply

61
Q

Viscosity

A

thickness

62
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

When something can’t easily get through the membrane

63
Q

Osmosis

A

water goes from high concentration to low concentration

64
Q

Red blood cells in hypertonic solution

A

Shrivel up

65
Q

Red blood cells in isotonic solution

A

Normal

66
Q

Red blood cells in hypotonic solution

A

Swell

67
Q

Active transport

A

against the concentration gradient

68
Q

Endocytosis

A

bulk transport in

69
Q

phagocytosis

A

immune cells “eating” other cells

70
Q

pinocytosis

A

bring fluid into the cell

71
Q

exocytosis

A

bulk exit

American Epidemic (2 decks)

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