Unit 2 - Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest basic unit of matter

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

One particular type of atom
Ex. ( Gold (Au) and Oxygen, Hydrogen)

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

A substance made of atoms of different elements
Ex. ( H2O and CO2)

Question 4

Ion

Answer 4

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. When an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full
Ex. (

Question 5

Ionic bond

Answer 5

Forms when through electrical force between oppositely charged ions

Question 6

Covalent bond

Answer 6

Forms when atoms share a pair of electrons

Question 7

Hydrogen bond

Answer 7

An attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative hydrogen atom

Question 8

Molecule

Answer 8

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Ex. (O2)

Question 9

Cohesion

Answer 9

The attraction between molecules of a substances

Question 10

Adhesion

Answer 10

The attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 11

Solution

Answer 11

The mixture of substances that is the same throughout

Question 12

Solvent

Answer 12

The substance that is present in the greater amount and that dissolves another substance

Question 13

Solute

Answer 13

A substance that dissolves in a solvent

Question 14

Acid

Answer 14

A compound that releases a proton, a hydrogen ion (H+) when it dissolves in water. It increases the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

Question 15

Base

Answer 15

A compound that removes hydrogen ions (H+) when a base dissolves in water.the solution has a low H+ concentration

Question 16

pH scale

Answer 16

A solution’s acidity or H+ ion concentration is measured by this

Question 17

Monomer

Answer 17

Smalls molecules are subunits

Question 18

Polymer

Answer 18

A large molecule made up of many monomers bonded together

Question 19

Carbohydrate

Answer 19

Molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, sugars, and staches. Used to make energy

Question 20

Lipid

Answer 20

Nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils,and cholesterol, and to make a source of usable energy

Question 21

Fatty acid

Answer 21

Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

A polymer made of many monomers bonded together called amino acids

Question 23

Amino acid

Answer 23

Molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. Used to build proteins

Question 24

Nucleic acid

Answer 24

Polymers that are made up of monomers called nucleotides.. These work toegther to make protiens. The two general types are DNA + RNA.

Question 25

Chemical reaction

Answer 25

Change substance into differen substances by breaking and forming chemical bonds.

Question 26

Reactant

Answer 26

The substances changed during a chemical reactions

Question 27

Product

Answer 27

The substances made by a chemical change

Question 28

Bond energy

Answer 28

The amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms.

Question 29

Equilibrium

Answer 29

Is reached when both the reactants and products are made at the same rate

Question 30

Activation energy

Answer 30

The amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start

Question 31

Exothermic

Answer 31

Chemical reactions releases more energy than it absorbs

Question 32

Endothermic

Answer 32

Chemical reactions absorbs more energy than it releases

Question 33

Catalyst

Answer 33

A substance that decreases the activiation energy needed to start a chemical reactin and, as a result, also increases the rate of the chemical reaction

Question 34

Enzyme

Answer 34

Are catalysts, for chemical reactions in living things

Question 35

Substrate

Answer 35

The specific reactants that an enzyme acts on